Active clinical trials for "Cognitive Dysfunction"

The purposes of the study are: To evaluate the effectiveness of a perceptual-based training program in enhancing cognitive and everyday functioning of older adults with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia To evaluate the effectiveness of a semantic-based training program in enhancing cognitive and everyday functioning of older adults with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia

People with memory problems can struggle with everyday activities and may stop doing things they want to do. They are more prone to accidents and have a higher risk of falling. Occupational therapists can advise how to do daily activities more easily and safely. Physiotherapists can teach exercises which increase activity and improve balance, and may help maintain memory. There is little research on how to make these interventions work for people with memory problems. The investigators have developed two activity and exercise programmes suitable for people with memory problems. The investigators will study them in a feasibility trial. One programme involves high-intensity supervision (50 visits over one year), the other moderate-intensity supervision (11 visits over three months). The investigators will compare these with standard falls prevention assessment and advice (1-3 therapist visits). The investigators will encourage participants to exercise by themselves or with family members over the year, and once the programme ends. People with early dementia or memory problems will be eligible for this study. If possible, the investigators will also recruit a family member. Participants will be recruited from memory clinics or the 'Join Dementia Research' register. The intervention will be delivered over a maximum of 1 year in their own homes. Researchers will visit to collect information at baseline and at 12 months. The investigators will measure ability in activities of daily living, activity, quality of life, memory and health service use. Participants will complete weekly falls diaries. Intervention persistence will be measured for 24 months. The investigators will conduct interviews and discussion groups to help develop the programmes, and understand how they work in practice ('process evaluation'). The investigators will also do initial work on health economic modelling, dissemination and implementation. Study findings will be used to refine the intervention, and inform a planned definitive randomised controlled trial.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of Food, Gender, and Age on the Pharmacokinetic Profile of SUVN-G3031 in Healthy Subjects

Multiple studies in the spinal cord injury (SCI) population have documented deficits in learning and memory (LM) and processing speed (PS) that adversely impact daily life and the ability to benefit from rehabilitation. The investigators have previously attributed the cognitive deficits demonstrated in the SCI population to low blood pressure (BP) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) and are currently conducting a study to determine the effect of a 30-day elevation in BP (using midodrine hydrochloride - an alpha agonist) on CBF and cognitive performance compared to placebo in hypotensive individuals with SCI. In addition, the investigators believe that cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) may improve cognition independent of changes in BP and CBF in individuals with SCI. The current randomized clinical trial (RCT) will examine the efficacy of 2 treatment protocols shown to be effective in improving cognitive performance in other neurologically impaired populations for use in persons with SCI demonstrating (1) LM impairment and/or (2) PS impairment on objective measures of cognitive functioning during a complete Neuropsychological assessment. Two methods of outcome assessment will be used to examine treatment impact: (1) a traditional Neuropsychological assessment (NP) and (2) an assessment of global functioning (AGF) composed of broader outcome measures that examine the impact of the treatment on everyday life activities. In this way, the investigators will be able to objectively evaluate the presence or absence of changes in memory performance through a NP assessment, while also evaluating the impact of this treatment protocol on everyday life through the AGF. While most studies evaluating the efficacy of cognitive retraining usually employ a pre- and post-training evaluation, such evaluations have been criticized for their lack of ecological validity (i.e., real world generalizability). The present design allows the assessment of the efficacy of these treatment techniques within an SCI population using traditional measures, as well as the assessment of the impact that treatment has on everyday life. The investigators will additionally evaluate the long-term efficacy by including a 6-month post-treatment follow-up. Few studies examine long-term effects, but given the time, labor and expense involved, it is critical to demonstrate long-term efficacy.

This study will explore the impact of an exercise and nutrition (EX+NUTR) , relative to exercise alone (EX) intervention, on brain structure and function as well as blood biomarkers in older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and vascular risk factors. The overall hypotheses are that a combined EX+NUTR, relative to EX, intervention will evoke more positive changes in brain structure (e.g. hippocampal volume), neural activity (e.g. task associated functional activations monitored through fMRI), and cognitive performance. These changes will be associated with an improved metabolic profile, reductions in inflammatory cytokines and oxidative burden, and greater intervention compliance.

This trial seeks to establish the feasibility of implementing a ketogenic, modified Atkins diet (MAD) to older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or early Alzheimer's disease (AD) living in the community. A secondary aim is to determine whether adherence to the MAD results in better cognitive test scores than adherence to a non-ketogenic control diet. A final aim is to determine the role of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype in participants' response to the MAD. Participants will be randomly assigned to a 12-week trial of either the MAD or a placebo diet based on the National Institute on Aging's recommendations for senior nutrition.

This study is examining the effects of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) on mild cognitive impairment (MCI). GHRH will be given at a dose of 1mg/day for 10 weeks to subjects with MCI as well as healthy controls.

Elderberries (Sambuci fructus) have been shown in a number of studies to have significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Multiple human and animal studies have supported the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of elderberry preparations and it has been used in natural medicine for hundreds of years. Studies examining factors that may decrease the risk of Alzheimer's disease have revealed that drinking juices with similar properties to elderberries is one of the most reliable way to decrease risk. As such the investigators wish to determine the effects of elderberry juice on cognitive decline in a group of subjects at high risk for Alzheimer's disease, those with mild cognitive impairment. Elderberry juice is a commercially available nutritional supplement and easily available to this population.

Cognitive deficits are a core feature across disparate brain disorders, being highly prevalent and pervasive. Impairments in executive function are one of the most consistent findings in clinical and meta-analytical studies and were reported to be a principal mediator of psychosocial impairment and disability. Cognitive dysfunction is thought to be underlied by abnormalities in distributed brain circuits, at the cellular and molecular levels. Nonetheless, the neural mechanisms underlying the dysregulation in these circuits are poorly understood. Emerging evidence indicates that metabolic abnormalities are highly relevant for the domain of cognitive function and indicate that alterations in metabolic pathways may be relevant to neurocognitive decline across different populations. The incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone secreted by intestinal epithelial cells. GLP-1 receptors are widely expressed in the central nervous systems. Pre-clinical trials have demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects of GLP-1. Ongoing clinical trials measuring cognition and mood in populations with various psychiatric disorders lend further impetus to explore the effects of GLP-1R agonists on brain structure and cognitive function. We hypothesize that GLP-1 and the GLP-1R are relevant for molecular and cellular processes that are thought to underlie the formation and maintenance of brain circuits. A derivative of this hypothesis is that the administration of GLP-1 agonists may result in enhanced neuronal survival and consequential increase in gray matter volume. We therefore propose to explore the cellular and molecular abnormalities within and between neural circuits subserving cognition using the GLP-1R agonist liraglutide. The overall goal of this study is to explore the relationship between a metabolic molecular target (i.e. the GLP1 system), the neural circuits of interest and the behavioral phenotype cognitive function.

The purpose of this study is to determine if memantine is effective in the treatment on cognitive disorders of Relapsing - Remitting multiple sclerosis. m