Active clinical trials for "Congenital Abnormalities"

This study will investigate the use of a drug called Gastrografin to aid in bowel mobility for paediatric patients who have undergone gastroschisis surgery. Gastroschisis is an abdominal wall birth defect where the bowel protrudes through a small opening beside the umbilicus. In these patients, the bowel is often less mobile due to its exposure outside of the body during fetal development. It is common for the bowel to be swollen and matted, which decreases motility and makes it increasingly difficult for the baby to have normal bowel function. Administering Gastrografin facilitates the entry of water into the intestines and bowel, which is thought to aid in bowel function and motility. This study will compare gastroschisis patients who received Gastrografin to gastroschisis patients collected as part of an ongoing observational study at our centre who did not receive Gastrografin.

Laser treatment (LT) is the first-line treatment for Vascular Pathology. However even when LT is based on the selective photothermolysis it causes the first-degree burns. While being typically benign by affecting only the epidermis, or outer layer of skin, the burn site is remaining red, dry, and very painful. As Haemoblock contains nanoparticles of silver and is known for both bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects, it likely decreases the potential for infection postoperatively. Furthermore, after fibrin replaces the superficial structure "Hemoblock-albumin", the polyacrylate matrix is plasmolyzed which initiates the cascade of signals required for the tissue regeneration processes. Objective of the study was to examine the effect of the Regenerative Solution "Hemoblock" in lowering postoperative complications in children diagnosed with Vascular Pathology undergoing a laser surgery if delivered with transdermal patches.

To evaluate the effects of a knee flexion Dynasplint orthosis on knee flexion angle after a total knee arthroplasty. Sixty participants, who underwent a total knee arthroplasty, were randomly assigned in two groups: control group and Dynasplint group.

The study will be in 3 parts: first one will be to address the key question of the lower limb frontal alignment based on both three-dimensional measurements of low-dose bi-planar X-rays and foot morphology assessment. Indeed, a major issue in the management of lower limb disorders is the ability to correctly assess abnormal development and decide on the most adapted treatment option. In particular, the link between lower limb disorders and foot morphology remain unclear. Recently, quantitative 3D measurement of the lower limb in children has been successfully assessed using low-dose biplanar X-rays. Second part will be to assess the reproducibility of the 3dimensional reconstructions whether they are made by a radiology technician, or by a so-called expert through collecting datas from 3 centers of pediatric surgery where EOS Imaging system is daily used to get spine or lower limb X-Rays. Last part will be to work on the recently developed weight-bearing foot 3D reconstruction method for clinical use using the Parametric Personalized Modelling approach (PPM). This will allow having a better understanding and evaluation of foot's anatomy and patho-anatomy.

Blood transfusions are required for patients undergoing a craniosynostosis repair due to the significant amount of blood loss. Irradiated or non-irradiated transfusions have many risks involved including elevated potassium levels and graft versus host disease (TA-GVHD). Irradiated blood is able to destroy the leukocytes responsible for TA-GVHD, but it adversely causes elevated extracellular potassium due to hemolysis of the RBC's. When this blood is transfused, it may introduce too much extracellular potassium (> 6.5 meq/L) into the patient causing interference with the heart's conduction system significantly increasing the risk for hemodynamic changes, cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiac arrest. Hyperkalemia from rapid transfusions occurs much more frequently than TA-GVHD; however, both complications are under-reported. The study aims to evaluate the risk of irradiated versus non-irradiated blood in patients under the age of 6 months undergoing a craniosynostosis repair. This will be done by comparing the levels of extracellular potassium pre-transfusion, during transfusion, immediately after transfusion, and 30 minutes after the completion of transfusion. The investigators hypothesize that the patients who receive irradiated blood will have an increased extracellular potassium level compared to those who receive non-irradiated blood.

Ultrasound is one of the most important tools in pregnancy both for its diagnostic capacity, but also because it is not invasive. For physiological pregnancy, the Italian guidelines provide for the execution of 3 ultrasounds: one in the first trimester (between 11 and 14 weeks), one in the second trimester (between 20 and 22 weeks) and one in the third (between 30 and 36 weeks). weeks). Screening for cardiac abnormalities is done during second trimester ultrasound, also called structural ultrasound. However, the development of three-dimensional (3D) sonography has represented a dramatic shift in obstetrics as it allows for the acquisition of a volume of data rather than conventional planar or 2D scans. This method has allowed considerable progress in the study of the fetus in the initial stages of development and has opened new windows in the knowledge of anatomical malformations at an early age. The possibility of detecting structural anomalies already during the first trimester of pregnancy allows, in fact, to provide the patient with additional time for counseling and for any genetic tests.

With the ongoing developments in the field of hysteroscopy during the past 15 years, hysteroscopic surgery is becoming safer and less invasive for the patient. Improved technology has enabled surgeons to perform many operative procedures in an ambulatory setting without significant patient discomfort and with potentially significant cost savings. Office operative hysteroscopy (see and treat hysteroscopy) reduces the distinction between a diagnostic and an operative procedure, shifting the focus in health care away from inpatient diagnosis and treatment. The development of smaller-diameter hysteroscopes with continuous-flow system features and working channels, through which operative instruments can be introduced, has made it possible to treat some uterine and cervical diseases without the traditional need for cervical dilation or general anesthesia. Use of specially designed hysteroscopic 5F mechanical instruments (e.g., scissors, biopsy cup, graspers, and corkscrews) has long been the only way to perform operative procedures in an ambulatory setting. However, although grasping forceps and scissors are excellent for treating adhesions, cervical polyps, and endometrial polyps smaller than or the same size as the larger endometrial polyps, or thick lesions (e.g., submucous fibroids) were difficult to treat successfully using such miniature, fragile instruments and without cervical dilation. An important technologic advance occurred in 1997 with the introduction of a versatile bipolar electrosurgery system dedicated to hysteroscopy, the Gynecare VersaPoint (Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA), which represents a key point in the history of office operative hysteroscopy. With the use of 5F bipolar electrodes, the number of pathologic conditions treated using office operative hysteroscopy has increased tremendously, reducing the use of the resectoscope and the operating room to a smaller number of cases. More recently, a new generation of electrical generators, allowing the use of bipolar energy on miniaturized electrodes, has been presented (Autocon 400 II; Karl Storz Endoscopy, Tuttlingen, Germany). The main advantage of these instruments is that they are reusable, thereby reducing the costs of office operative as those described for the Versapoint system. The feasibility of ambulatory uterine surgery is not just dependent on recent technological advances in instrumentation such as miniaturization of equipment, but also the favorable anatomical characteristics of the uterus itself. The sensitive innervations of the uterus originate in the myometrium and extend to the outer serosal surface, whereas the endometrium and any fibrotic tissue within the cavity are less sensitive. Thus, procedures can be carried out without the use of analgesia or anesthesia. However, a careful operative technique is of paramount importance, in particular, avoiding inadvertent deep penetration of the superficial myometrium when resecting lesions such as polyps, maintaining the lowest possible distension pressures, and expediting procedures through efficient surgical techniques.

There are no prospective studies of pregnancies for the diseases studied here in (Heredity Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia, Marfan syndrome, primary lower limb lymphedema, superficial arteriovenous malformations, and cerebro-spinal arteriovenous malformations) although complications of these can present life-threatening health problems for the mother and her baby. The purpose of this National prospective study is to obtain greater insight into obstetrical complications associated with rare maternal vascular genetic disorders in order to improve prevention and to reduce risk of death. In this context, experts and patient associations consider that there is a need to make real progress in the formulation of recommendations based on scientific data.

To investigate the prevalence of cerebral abnormal findings in neonates admitted at nursery unit.{11} to identify the associated clinical features and to better target neonatal CUS investigations.{11}

Conventional intestinal manometry is the current gold standard for the evaluation of intestinal motility, and identifies patterns of intestinal dysmotility. However intestinal manometry involves intestinal intubation with consequent discomfort for the patients, and requires considerable technical expertise and knowledge for interpretation of the data. Hence, to date this method has limited indications and is restricted to very few referral centers around the world. A novel method for evaluation of intestinal motility has been developed based on endoluminal image analysis using the endoscopic PillCam capsule, In contrast to manometry, this technique is minimally invasive, the technical aspects are simple, and the analysis is fully automated by a computer program. The technique has been validated in a group of patients with intestinal dysmotility and healthy subjects, and has demonstrated over 90% sensitivity and specificity. This technique needs now to be validated in a large multinational population, to further develop a robust discrimination algorithm for widespread diagnostic application. Furthermore, whereas manometry only recognizes neuropathic, myopathic and obstructive motor patterns, endoluminal image analysis may identify different categories of patients depending on the clinical presentation and the etiologic factors involved. This study is designed to provide evidence that the algorithm, using images created by PillCam SB2 capsules, is at least as good as small bowel manometry in diagnosing severe dysmotility.