Active clinical trials for "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"

There are numerous possible reasons why it could be speculated that HbA1c variability may affect complication risk. Of interest are the concepts that both laboratory and clinic evidence suggests that periods of sustained hyperglycemia are 'remembered' (metabolic memory), this in turn is recognized to place patients at greater long-term risk of complications. As such it can be speculated that the detrimental effect of variability in HbA1c may be mediated via the same mechanism as 'metabolic memory' phenomenon. Aims: To determine whether treatment to one of 2 threshold levels will result in one group of type 2 diabetes patients having the same mean HbA1c but with differing HbA1c variability to that of another and related to markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and microvascular complications. To determine whether a difference in HbA1c variability between the 2 groups will reflect in changes in small nerve fibers assessed with the sensitive method of corneal confocal microscopy and cardiac autonomic function testing. To assess the reproducibility of HbA1c measurement from a whole blood samples initially analyzed and then stored at -80C until the end of the study (2-3 years), as well as storing an aliquot of haemolysate, for reanalysis at the end of the study. In one arm the investigators will intensify treatment in those with FPG>140mg/dl until their FPG is <90mg/dl, using whatever treatment is clinically appropriate for them, and only intensify it further if their FPG rises to >140mg/dl again. In the other group the investigators will intensify if their FPG is >115 mg/dl until it is <=115 mg/dl and intensify further if >115 mg/dl again. A total of 20 visits within a time frame of 2 and half years will be performed. Visits procedures will include routine biochemistry, eGFR, lipids, fasting glucose, insulin and full blood count, HbA1c, SHBG, hsCRP. EPIC and G-PAQ questionnaires will be collected. Autonomic function testing using deep breathing heart rate variability, and a sensitive measure of small fiber neuropathy using corneal confocal microscopy and a 24 hour urine collection for urinary isoprostanes to measure oxidative stress will be performed, at baseline, 12 and 24 months.

This study will be a randomized controlled trial aimed at examining the effectiveness of the in e-health education on shared care program for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The experiment will be conducted over 1 year at a regional hospital in Taiwan. The research subjects will be excluded 160 patients with T2DM. Subjects assigned to an experimental group will receive the integrated care program, whereas those assigned to a control group will receive routine care. The membership of e-health education on shared care program is established by different type's professionals including diabetes physicians, pharmacists, dietitians and diabetes health teacher. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of subjects in both groups will be measured at three time points including 1 month before the experiment, and 2 and 5 months after the experiment. The self-management conditions and quality of life of the subjects will be also recorded using relevant scales.

Null hypothesis: No significant effect of vitamin C 500 mg Supplementation on the severity of micro-vascular complications of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Alternative hypothesis: There is a significant effect of vitamin C 500mg supplementation on the severity of the micro-vascular complications of type 2DM.

The objectives of this study are to investigate the effects of short-time high-intensity interval training on tissue glucose and fat metabolism in healthy lean subjects and type 2 diabetic patients using modern and noninvasive imaging methods positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).

Primary objective: To compare the change in liver fat content and visceral fat mass (cm2) assessed by MRS (Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Image), after 26 weeks of treatment with insulin detemir once daily or insulin NPH once daily both with metformin in overweight and obese type 2 diabetic subjects. Secondary objectives: To compare the two treatments with respect to: Efficacy: MRI: abdominal subcutaneous fat mass(cm2), Calculated Visceral/Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Ratio. Change in HbA1c from baseline at 12 and 26 weeks of treatment. Change in Fasting plasma glucose from baseline at 12 and 26 weeks of treatment. Weight Waist and hip circumference Safety: Incidence of hypoglycaemia in the 26 weeks of treatment with insulin detemir versus NPH Lipid profile at the start and after 26 weeks of treatment Incidence of Adverse events during the trial Safety profile as measured by laboratory safety parameters (haematology, biochemistry) and physical examination/vital signs before and at the end of treatment

The aim of this study is to assess the post-prandial response of four breakfast with different content of dietary fiber and glycemic index on glycemic response and satiety in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Incretin hormones are hormones produced by the gut in response to food intake. These hormones help the body to control the metabolism of glucose (sugar). In particular, two incretin hormones (GLP-1 and GIP) cause the pancreas to secrete more insulin in response to high blood glucose levels. This helps the body to metabolize the glucose more effectively, lowering blood sugar levels. In addition to their effects on the pancreas, GLP-1 and GIP have effects on other tissues, including the brain, gut, fat cells and bone. A new class of oral drugs developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) called DPP-4 inhibitors increases levels of the active forms of GLP-1 and GIP in the body by preventing their breakdown. This study tests whether a medicine in this class called sitagliptin (Januvia), which is commonly used to treat T2DM, affects markers of bone turnover in patients with T2DM. The hypothesis is that treatment with sitagliptin will increase markers of bone formation and decrease markers of bone resorption during a mixed meal, by enhancing active circulating levels of GLP-1, GIP and GLP-2. Methods: To address this question we will recruit patients with T2DM whose diabetes is controlled with either diet+exercise or with metformin (another medicine commonly used to treat T2DM). Subjects will undergo measurement of body fat and bone mineral density by DEXA scanning and a 3-hour mixed meal test. During the mixed meal test blood samples will be taken to measure how much GLP-1 and GIP are produced. Markers of bone formation will also be measured in blood samples obtained during the mixed meal test. Subjects will then be randomly assigned to 8 weeks of treatment with either sitagliptin (100 mg/day) or matching placebo (an inactive tablet that does not contain medication). Subjects will be seen 4 weeks after commencing treatment to assess safety and tolerability. After 8 weeks of treatment the meal test will be repeated. Subjects will then be washed off of their initial treatment (sitagliptin or placebo) for 1 week (that is, they will receive no study medication during this period). After the washout period, they will commence a second 8-week period of treatment with the other study medication (that is, if they received sitagliptin initially, they will receive placebo during period 2 and vice-versa). At the end of period 2, subjects will undergo a third mixed meal test with measurement of GLP-1, GIP and markers of bone turnover. Significance: Recent studies suggest that oral antidiabetic medications of the thiazolidinedione class, such as rosiglitazone (Avandia) and pioglitazone (Actos), may weaken bones, increasing the risk of fractures in older women with diabetes. The proposed study will test whether drugs of the DPP-4 inhibitor class, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), have beneficial effects on bone turnover by increasing the activity of GLP-1 and GIP. Results of this pilot study may suggest the need to perform longer-term studies to determine whether DPP-4 inhibitors increase bone mineral density and reduce the risk of fractures in patients with diabetes.

This is a 17 week, randomized, single center, open-label, parallel-group study to compare glucose excursions and other efficacy and safety parameters of repaglinide thrice daily or metformin thrice daily in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes subjects in China.

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the performance of the GlucoTrack device (non invasive device) in measuring blood glucose levels

The purpose of this study is to determine whether participation in a diabetes expert patients programme course is effective in self-management of a chronic condition such as diabetes, if it reduces Haemoglobin A glycosylated levels, improves patient's quality of life, and prevents the use of some health services.