Active clinical trials for "Infant, Newborn, Diseases"

This study was carried out to determine the effect of maternal heart sound listened to by newborns during heel blood collection on pain level and crying time.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of white noise and therapeutic touch on pain in newborn heel blood collection.Questions including the sex of the newborns, postnatal age, gestational age, birth weight, height, head and chest circumference, feeding style, nutritional status in the last half hour, and previous heel blood collection were collected with the "Information Form".The Newborn Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) was used to evaluate the pain levels of newborns.

Neonatal diabetes is diagnosed before 6 months of age and causes high blood glucose levels due to the pancreas not secreting insulin. Neonatal diabetes can be caused by a change in a DNA region called the KCNJ11 gene. KCNJ11 encodes a channel in the pancreas that acts as a switch to turn 'on' and 'off' insulin secretion. A change in KCNJ11 results in a faulty channel, which keeps insulin secretion 'switched off'. The diabetes can be treated with tablets called sulphonylureas that switch the pancreatic channel 'on', allowing it to secrete insulin in response to gut hormones called incretins. Previous research has shown that patients who switch from insulin to sulphonylureas have better blood glucose control, including fewer episodes of hypoglycaemia (glucose dropping too low), and also avoid the need for injections. It is thought that serious side effects from sulphonylureas are uncommon in KCNJ11 neonatal diabetes. Some patients report low glucose after meals and we think this may be because they make too much insulin if they eat a meal with protein but low amounts of carbohydrate. The investigators will test this by giving study participants different meals and measuring the amount of insulin, glucose and incretin hormone in the blood afterwards.

The aim of our study is to examine the effects of the physiotherapy program applied in the NICU on motor performance, behavior, transition time to full enteral feeding, and feeding performance in preterm infants.

Diazoxide is an oral hyperglycemic medication. Diazoxide has been proven effective for treating hypoglycemia in infants and children with some types of persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. The mechanism of action results in decreased insulin secretion. One of the causes of hypoglycemia in infants of diabetic mothers occurs due to a transient hyperinsulinemic state postnatally. The investigators have clinical experience and success using diazoxide in their unit for patients with hypoglycemia not adequately managed with intravenous (iv) dextrose and enteral supplementation. In this randomized controlled study the investigators expect that by using diazoxide as the initial treatment for infants of diabetic mothers with asymptomatic hypoglycemia (blood glucose of 2.5 to 2.0mmol/L), the investigators will be able to decrease the number of infants requiring an intravenous by at least thirty percent.

Sixty neonates and infants will be enrolled and randomised into two groups of n=30 each . For their surgical procedures, one group general (GA) anaesthesia the second group will receive a combined general and epidural anaesthesia (CGEA). Anaesthetic technique: Patients in the GA group will be induced with intravenous propofol (2-4 mg.kg-1) and fentanyl (2-4 µg.kg-1) and will receive rocuronium bromide (0.5 mg.kg-1) to facilitate endotracheal intubation. Anaesthesia will be maintained with sevoflurane (2-3%) in an air/oxygen mixture as well as intravenous fentanyl as required. In the (CGEA) 0.5 ml.kg-1 of 0.25% bupivacaine will be injected into the epidural catheter, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.1% bupivacaine at a rate of 0.2 mg.kg-1.hr-1 for up to 48 hours postoperatively. Assessment of anaesthetic efficacy will be measured Intraoperative care vital signs. And will continuously be monitored with a Datex AS/3 (Engestrom®, Helsinki, Finland) monitor. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis will be determined by the degree of bowel contamination during surgery, with the commonest regimen consisting of penicillin, gentamicin and metronidazole will be administered. Antibiotics will be continued for 36-48 hours postoperatively to prevent infection arising from the disturbed bowel flora. Postoperative care, following surgery, will be conducted. The feeding volume will be increased in steps as long as the volume of regurgitated fluid will be less than 20% of the administered breast milk or formula volume. Full feeding will define as oral tolerance of at least 80% of daily maintenance volume. In cases of abdominal distension or vomiting, feeding will withheld until symptom resolution. The nasogastric tube will be removed on bowel function restoration The CRIES score will be use to assess the severity and duration of postoperative pain during the patients' NICU stay. If the CRIES score is ≥4, fentanyl will be continuously intravenously infused in both study group. Fentanyl will be also administered to CGEA patients who experienced pain despite a continuous epidural infusion at 1-5 µg.kg-1.h-1. The amount of fentanyl required for adequate postoperative pain relief will be recorded in both groups.

Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia(IIH) is a rare,genetic disorder of mineral metabolism. Biallelic loss of functions mutations of CYP24A1, the gene encoding the 24-hydroxylase enzyme that represents the principal pathway for inactivation of vitamin D metabolites, cause the most common and severe form of IIH.Investigators have preliminary data supporting a novel therapeutic approach to suggest rifampin as an investigational drug to induce over-expression of CYP3A4, an important enzyme that provides an alternate catabolic pathway for inactivation of vitamin D metabolites. In this study, investigators will recruit 5 patients with biallelic inactivating mutations of CYP24A1. Participants will be followed prospectively for a total 6-11 months. This will include 2 months of observation, 2 months of receiving the starting dose of rifampin, followed by 2 month washout phase. Efficacy of the starting dose of rifampin will be determined prior to proceeding only in non responders to the escalation dose of rifampin 10mg/kg/day.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the feasibility and safety and efficacy of collecting and infusing autologous umbilical cord blood (UCB) in newborn infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and transposition of great arteries (TGA). Rationale: Neonates with HLHS and TGA have significant brain injury as demonstrated by peri-surgical MRI. Moreover, there a substantial tendency to suffer from chronic cardiac condition as low cardiac output state and valvular insufficiency. Treatment of neonates after hypoxic ischemic injury at birth with autologous UCB was shown to safe and improved developmental outcome. The effect of UCB is most likely achieved by reduction of free radicals injury and pro-inflammatory and apoptotic process. Hypothesis: Treatment with UCB immediately after the first cardiac surgey, with in the first week life will reduce the brain injury demonstrated by MRI and reduce the choronic cardiac problems

The purpose of this study is to determine if the position of the mother in the first two hours after delivery, while she is in skin to skin contact with your child, influences the oxygen saturation and/or heart rate of the newborn. In this way it could provide some useful information for the prevention of seemingly lethal episodes or sudden death of the child when, following current recommendations is skin to skin contact in the first hours of life. These episodes are communicating in all developed countries and have caused great concern and interest in the scientific community. So far we only have information from case series.

The purpose of this study is to examine if a new and simple method involving complete photo-protection of multivitamins only (since sampling through infusion) will result in a significant reduction of peroxide contamination of parenteral nutrition compared to standard method of parenteral nutrition preparation and infusion in extremely preterm infants.