Active clinical trials for "Infections"

Staphylococcus aureus is a bacteria that causes serious, often life threatening infections including pneumonia, wound, and bloodstream infections. Persons with AIDS are at high risk for S. aureus infections. They are also at high risk for nasal carriage of S. aureus. In fact, nasal carriage is a known risk factor for subsequent S. aureus infection. Topical mupirocin, an antibiotic when applied to the anterior nares, is a safe, effective way to eliminate S. aureus colonization. Some studies have shown that mupirocin can also decrease the risk of S. aureus infection, but many of those studies utilized historical controls and none were rigorously tested among AIDS patients over an extended period of time. The main purpose of this randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled study is to determine if mupirocin can eliminate S. aureus nasal colonization in residents at PSI (inpatient, drug rehabilitation facility for AIDS patients in the Bronx.) PSI residents currently have a high incidence of S. aureus nasal colonization and infection. Nasal cultures followed by twice daily application of mupirocin vs. placebo for five days will be performed on a monthly basis for 8 months. the study will examine whether mupirocin decreases the incidence of S. aureus infections and prevents S. aureus nasal colonization. The study is important because it may show that mupirocin is an effective way to eliminate nasal colonization and prevent S. aureus infections in AIDS patients, among those at highest risk for serious S. aureus infection. Hypothesis: Monthly application of mupirocin will reduce nasal colonization with S.aureus

More than half of the world's population is infected with Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that colonizes the human stomach. Although most infected subjects live free of symptoms and disease outcomes (except superficial gastritis), only a few develop peptic ulcers or gastric cancer, while some others may develop non-ulcer dyspepsia. Current clinical practice for the management of peptic ulcer disease includes testing for and treating H. pylori, if present. Although there are triple therapies that contain 2 antibiotics plus a bismuth compound, a proton-pump inhibitor, or a H2-receptor antagonist which are effective at eliminating H. pylori in Europe and North America, these treatments are dramatically less effective in developing countries. Our recent meta-analysis showed quadruple therapies containing clarithromycin, amoxicillin, metronidazole and a proton pump inhibitor to be effective in the presence of clarithromycin or metronidazole resistance. However, this regimen has yet to be tested in a developing country. Therefore, in the current randomized clinical trial in Pasto, Colombia, we aim to examine the effectiveness of clarithromycin, amoxicillin, metronidazole with and without a proton pump inhibitor compared to the Food and Drug Administration approved 10-day regimen containing clarithromycin, amoxicillin and omeprazole. Since antibiotic therapy is most effective within a specific gastric pH range, and since mutifocal atrophy results in damage and loss of the acid producing parietal cells, we will test the efficacy of our modified therapy stratified by diagnosis of multifocal atrophic gastritis.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety and efficacy of MK0991 in patients with deep-seated mycoses.

Phase I test of concept study: In an attempt to induce new immunity to HIV-1 during untreated HIV-1 infection the investigators have identified relatively immune silent immune subdominant HLA-A2-restricted HIV-1 CTL epitopes that fit individuals with the HLA-A2 tissue type (about 50% of peoples in Denmark). Immunising with these conserved epitopes could induce new immunity and lower viral load so the patient will live longer before AIDS or Antiviral medicine and a lower viral load will limit spread in the population. As adjuvants the investigators used patients' own autologous Dendritic Cells generated from blood cells in vitro. 12 healthy male HIV-1 infected not in therapy individuals were used for this therapeutic vaccination and tested for safety and induction of new cellular CD8 and CD4 T-cell immunity.

Topical microbicides, substances that kill microbes, are being studied to prevent sexual transmission of HIV and other disease pathogens. In the future, topical microbicides may be applied vaginally to prevent both acquisition and transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The purpose of this study is to compare the safety of daily applications of Acidform lubricant and HEC gel in healthy women at low risk for HIV infection and assess the effect of a microbicide candidate on the natural immunity women have to STI pathogens.

The aims of this study are (1) to evaluate the prevalence rate of PM of CYP2C19 in our country; (2) to evaluate the efficacy of dual therapy with different dose of omeprazole and amoxicillin; (3) to judge the relationship of genotype of CYP2C19 and the eradication rate of dual therapy in the peptic ulcer patients; (4) to try to find out a predictor of success of dual therapy and an optimal dose of dual therapy as first-line and rescue anti-Helicobacter pylori regimen.

Due to the poor outcome of patients with invasive fungal infections (IFI), a more effective prevention of these infections in such patients is wanted. These experiences in intensively treated elderly patients with acute leukemia are especially worrying. This pilot study is designed to collect information on the safety (and efficacy) of an antifungal preventative therapy with an AmBisome® loading dose regimen of 7 mg/kg/week, in four weekly administrations, during the aplastic phase following the start of chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in elderly patients, which is a high risk period for severe fungal infections.

Prevention of malaria in pregnancy is critical given the high incidence of malaria in Zambia and its serious impact on both maternal and infant survival. Intermittent presumptive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine has been shown to be highly efficacious for reducing the risk of malaria in pregnancy. However, based on a study done in western Kenya, HIV-infected pregnant women may need more frequent dosing of SP, i.e., on a monthly basis rather than the standard 2-dose regimen given during the second and third trimesters, as HIV appears to reduce the effectiveness of the SP drug combination. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the standard dosing regimen in comparison to an intensive monthly SP dosing schedule in HIV-positive women.

The purpose of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of the antibiotic tigecycline with other antibiotics, ampicillin-sulbactam, and amoxicillin-clavulanate in the treatment of a complicated skin and/or skin structure infection (cSSSI).

The purpose of this clinical research study is to develop observational clinical experience with the use of entecavir in participants who are either of Black/African-American race or of Hispanic ethnicity.