Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial to demonstrate if pre-exposure prophylaxis decreases HIV-1 acquisition among HIV-1 uninfected individuals within HIV-1 discordant couples.

With the construction of a new medical teaching ward with features designed to reduce hospital-acquired infections, we hypothesized that the design of the new ward was the major factor that contributed to the improved outcomes and designed a prospective, controlled study to examine this hypothesis.

The purpose of this phase IIB MedImmune-sponsored study was to evaluate the efficacy of the HPV-16/18 VLP vaccine in the prevention of infection with HPV-16 and/or HPV-18 in adolescent and young adult women. A vaccine that prevents, or even reduces, the incidence of the common types of high-risk HPVs, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18, could result in significant reduction in the incidence of cervical cancer and cancer-related mortality, as well as a reduction in the incidence of surgical procedures following abnormal Pap smears.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are differences in the level of antibody to capsular polysaccharides of S. pneumoniae or the physiological activity of such antibody after vaccinating patients who have recovered from pneumococcal pneumonia with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Pneumovax) or conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (Prevnar).

The aim of this study is to test if procalcitonin (PCT) guided antibiotic stewardship in patients with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) will be non-inferior, with at worst a 7.5% higher combined failure rate, as compared to standard care practice (current guidelines for LRTI) with reduced total antibiotic (AB) use and hospitalization rate and duration, respectively.

The current standard Swedish infection prophylaxis in colorectal surgery is intravenously administered cefuroxime and metronidazole. this combination is well studied. The disadvantages of the regimen is "collateral damage" resulting from treatment with a cephalosporine and that the combination also serves as the first line of treatment for abdominal surgical infections. Serval Swedish surgical departments have for some years used a combination of orally administered trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and metronidazole. The combination is economical and believed to be effective but hitherto the outcome have not been properly researched. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of these two regimens in the prevention of infection after elective colorectal surgery.

Vaccination against influenza is a high priority for the elderly population who present the highest morbidity and mortality rate. However, due to their weak antibody response an improvement of the immune response to influenza vaccination remains an unmet medical need. The purpose of an investigational influenza vaccine candidate administered by an alternate route is to improve immune responses to the vaccine in the elderly population, which could provide additional reductions in influenza-associated morbidity and mortality in this population. Primary Objective: To demonstrate that the investigational vaccine induces a better immunogenicity than the reference vaccine in terms of seroprotection rate after the first vaccination. Secondary Objectives: Immunogenicity: To describe the antibody persistence induced by both vaccines at 3, 6, and 12 months after the first vaccination in a subset of subjects. To describe the immunogenicity of the investigational vaccine after each vaccination using parameters defined in the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) Note for Guidance (CPMP/BWP/214/96) specific to elderly subjects. Safety: To demonstrate the tolerance of the investigational vaccine after the first vaccination, in terms of pre-defined solicited systemic reactions. To describe the safety profile after each vaccination. To describe the effect of repetitive injections on the safety profile.

The purpose of this study is to determine if mupirocin 2% in polyethylene glycol (PEG) ointment [Treatment Arm] is effective in preventing moderate to severe re-infection with Staphylococcus aureus compared with treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG) ointment [Placebo Arm].

Probiotics are dietary supplements containing potentially beneficial bacterial strains such as Lactobacillus. The safety of oral administration of probiotics has been demonstrated in hundreds of studies using adults over the last 30 years. Very few studies have been conducted with children. UTI in girls occur when virulent bacteria migrate from the rectum and colonize the vagina and peri-urethral mucosa, thus gaining access to the bladder. This study will randomize girls to ARM A (probiotics + placebo) and ARM B (antibiotics + placebo) to determine if UTIs are decreased when the probiotics are given.

The main purpose of this study is to compare the safety of tigecycline versus a ceftriaxone regimen in pediatric subjects (aged 8 to 17 years) with complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI) and community acquired pneumonia (CAP).