Active clinical trials for "Wounds and Injuries"

Sensitive renal markers have been studied abundantly in connection with open heart, liver and transplantation surgery; however in major orthopaedic surgery their use is anecdotal. The aim of the present study is to evaluate use of sensitive renal markers, NGAL (Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin ), KIM-1 (Kidney injury molecule- 1), LFABP (liver-type fatty acid-binding protein), and IL-18 (interleukin -18), in patients coming for elective TKA (total knee arthroplasty) as a pilot study before large study concerning acute kidney injury in orthopaedic surgery.

The long-term goal is to acquire scientific knowledge that can be used to develop mechanistic-driven intervention strategies aiming at restoring upper and lower-limb motor function in individuals with cervical or thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI). The proposed project will examine cortical, corticospinal, and spinal contribution to bilateral hand and arm muscle activity during bilateral movements and spinal contributions to lower limb muscle activity. By comparing changes in different sites within the Central Nervous System (CNS), the investigators may also identify key mechanisms that might be differentially affected by the injury, plasticity, and training.

Although a condition for surgery, robotic interventions applied with steep Trendelenburg-lithotomy (ST-L) position may cause positional injury and peripheral neuropathy if good position is not achieved on the operating table. This study will be a 7-year retrospective examination of postoperative positional injury (PPI) in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) for prostate diagnosis.

Title: "Role of biomarkers in predicting contrast-induced acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study" Objective: To analyse the role of plasma and urinary biomarkers (Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), Cystatin C and Kidney Injury Molecule-1) in predicting contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in critically ill patients. Summary of the project: Acute deterioration of renal function after intravenous administration of radiocontrast media, i.e. increase in serum creatinine concentration of more than 0.5 mg/dl or 25% above baseline within 48 hours, is referred to as contrast-induced kidney injury (CI-AKI). The increasing number of diagnostic procedures requiring radiographic contrast has parallel increase in the incidence of CI-AKI. CI-AKI is described as the third most common cause of new AKI in hospitalized patients. Occurrence of CI-AKI is reported up to 55% in high risk patients like presence pre-existing chronic renal dysfunction, diabetes, hypertension, chronic heart failure, advanced age, volume depletion, uses of concurrent nephrotoxic medication. These risk factors for CI-AKI are common in critically ill patients. Recently, different urinary and serum proteins have been intensively investigated as possible biomarkers for the early diagnosis of AKI, which includes Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), Cystatin C and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM 1). At present, there is scarcity of prospective study on CI-AKI and role of biomarkers in critically ill medical or medical-surgical mixed ICU patients. The investigators plan to enroll about 100 ICU patients during 2 years, requiring computed tomography (CT) scans with parenteral administration of iodinated radiographic contrast for any diagnostic purposes as decided by the clinicians during the treatment of the patients. In this prospective observation study, the investigators want to analyse the role of plasma and urinary biomarkers in predicting CI-AKI in critically ill patients. Key Words: acute kidney injury, radiographic contrast, critically ill, biomarker

The objective of this study is to collect wound exudate (fluid) swab samples from Subjects who have wounds that show clinical signs of infection, as well as from Subjects who have wounds that do not show clinical signs of infection. Swab samples will be collected from acute and chronic wounds of different etiologies and these will be analysed for bacteria types and markers of infection.

The aim of the study is to establish the predictive properties of our trauma team activation protocol, and its individual criteria, and if possible to suggest changes that reduce over- and undertriage. The study will also give an overview of the frequency and type of emergency procedures at a university hospital trauma center, which can contribute to optimal resource use and indicate which type of surgical skills are necessary in our trauma emergency procedures.

Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic drug that has been used to decrease post-operative blood loss. This study is a prospective, randomized controlled trial investigating the use of tranexamic acid in fracture surgery around the hip and knee, in which significant blood loss (>300mL) is expected. The hypothesis of this study is that tranexamic acid will be associated with a decrease in post-operative blood loss, as well as a decreased need for allogenic blood transfusion, in patients who have fracture surgery around the hip and knee.

This study explores the changes in whole-brain connectivity that occur during recovery from severe Traumatic Brain Injury and how these changes are related to the recovery of consciousness. Multimodal neuroimaging techniques will be used in a longitudinal fashion while patients are undergoing neurorehabilitation and after one-year of the TBI episode.

Background: Triage in the emergency department (ED) together with initial assessment is used to identify patient's level of urgency and treatment based on their triage level. Triage in the ED is a complex decision-making process, and several triage scales have been designed as decision support systems to guide the triage nurse to a correct decision. Worldwide there are four well known five-level triage systems in use. In 2010, 97% of all EDs in Sweden introduced a process-oriented triage scale with physiological parameters called Rapid Emergency Traige and Treatment System (RETTS). RETTS has two main assessment variables: vital signs and chief complaints, which describe the incident or symptoms that caused the patient to seek care. These two variables are evaluated and results in a color coded 5-level scale. Each level of priority has a defined time limit within which evaluation by a doctor should begin. Although, all international triage system guidelines seem to function well in western countries, they are difficult to implement and have a high failure rate in developing low-income countries. One of the reasons may be the lack of extensive training. Teaching and assessing abilities in performing mass casualty triage in inherently challenging due to the inability to accurately replicate a given disaster environment in a comprehensive way. Disaster drills and simulation exercises are ways of training triage performance and there are different tools available. One tool that can contribute to this kind of training may be the Emergo Train System® (ETS). ETS or similar interactive educational simulation systems could be used to test and evaluate incident and command systems, surge capacity, hospital preparedness and triage. Study objective study III: The aim of the study is to validate the currently practiced system for triage in the ED in Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret, Kenya with RETTS. Furthermore map the current patient outcome of trauma patients.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in critical care patients. Currently no parameters are available for early prognosis of AKI. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been associated with AKI in clinical studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the time course of MIF concentrations in patients with AKI.