Active clinical trials for "Overweight"

This is an observational study of cardiovascular risk factors and arterial or cardiac function in subjects with overweight or obesity. Subjects must be between 30 and 65 years of age, have a body mass index >27.0 kg/m2 and free from known heart disease and digestive or psychiatric disorders. Study aims include identifying sex-differences in traditional cardiovascular risk factors and structural and functional abnormalities in arteries and the heart in subjects with overweight or obesity, and how this is influenced by physical fitness.

The repair of large osseous defects remains still unsolved. Aim of this study is to isolate and cultivate fat-derived progenitor cells and differentiation into osteoblasts. Therefore, our research idea is to pre-engineer large synthetic bone grafts and study the vascularization process in vivo.

Part 1) Bone health after transplantation - possible influence of vitamin K Part 2) Fat metabolism and endocrine parameters - possible predictors for developement of overweight after transplantation

The SIT-DOWN study is a single centered retrospective study in which a total of 90 (ninety) participants who are overweight (BMI: 25-29.9 kg/m2) and have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) will be evaluated for the efficacy of surgical intervention in comparison with medical treatment. Primary endpoint of the study will be the change in glycemic regulation by the end of 12 months.

Obesity is associated with a variety of comorbidities, amongst which non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A recent meta-analysis has shown that the prevalence of NAFLD in obese pediatric populations is around 35%, compared to approximately 8% in general pediatric populations, making it a very important health threat in these populations. The golden standard for diagnosis of NAFLD is liver biopsy. However, since liver biopsy is associated with a certain risk of morbidity and mortality, this method is inappropriate for screening large populations at-risk for developing NAFLD. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy has demonstrated excellent correlation with liver biopsy and the is the most accuratete non-invasive method to measure liver fat content in children. However, MRS is expensive and not available in all centres. A novel ultrasonographic measurement to quantitatively assess liver steatosis is the hepatorenal index (HRI). Previous studies have shown high sensitivity and specificity of the HRI, as compared to MRS and liver biopsy. However, this measurement has never been validated in children. In this study, the HRI will be compared to MRS in children with obesity, to validate the HRI and to determine cut-off points.

The incidence of childhood obesity is at epidemic levels and increasing in the UK. Obese adults are considered a high-risk group of patients for general anaesthesia with published national guidelines on the best practice management. The proportion of children presenting for a procedure under general anaesthesia in the UK who are overweight or obese is currently unknown. Obese children are perceived to be at greater risk of complications from general anaesthesia. Previous non-UK studies suggest they take longer to recover from anaesthesia, require more medications to combat nausea and vomiting and are at greater risk of complications that may threaten their airway and breathing. This study involves reviewing the anaesthetic care record and patient notes to collect information relating to general anaesthesia and basic demographic data in children aged 2-16 years presenting for a procedure under general anaesthesia. The aims of this study are to establish the prevalence of obesity in the paediatric surgical population (i.e. the proportion of children attending UK hospitals for procedures under general anaesthesia who are overweight or obese) and to ascertain whether obese children are at increased risk compared to their healthy weight counterparts. This information will be used with the goal of reducing avoidable harm both at national and local level in the future.

The purpose of this study is to examine whether substituting sitting with standing and light-intensity activity in free-living conditions can reduce glycaemia in overweight/obese South Asian adults.

This is a single centre prospective open-label, non-randomised pilot study whose aim is to identify MRI parameters to better evaluate inflammation and liver fibrosis and thus, in the near future, to avoid the need for liver biopsy. To achieve this: The MRI study will be completed by adding two sequences: Measurement of T1 and multiecho T2*. The other data will be extracted from usual sequences. Part of the histological samples will be used for the weighted levels of fat and iron, and for the lipidomic study. Usual blood samples will be completed by samples for the serum library

Dietary pulses (beans, peas, chickpeas, and lentils), more commonly known as "legumes", are generally recognized as healthy components of the diet. Canada's Food Guide encourages consumptions of meat alternatives, such as beans "more often"; and the dietary guidelines for Americans both recommend consumption of 3 cups of legumes per week. However, there remains insufficient information on the usefulness of these foods in protecting heart health. To improve evidence-based guidance for dietary pulse recommendations, the investigators propose to conduct a systematic review of the effect of dietary pulse consumption on after-meal blood sugar levels, appetite, and food intake regulation to help explain their mechanism for improving longterm blood sugar and body weight control. The systematic review process allows the combining of the results from many small studies in order to arrive at a pooled estimate, similar to a weighted average, of the true effect. The investigators will be able to explore whether eating pulses has different effects between men and women, in different age groups and background disease states, and whether or not the effect of pulses depends on the dose and background diet. The findings of this proposed knowledge synthesis will help improve the health of Canadians through informing recommendations for the general public, as well as those at risk of heart disease and diabetes.

Obesity is a very important risk-factor in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and other sleep breathing disorders in patients with extreme BMI. Candidates for bariatric surgery have a high OSA prevalence, ranging from 60-83%. The characteristics of patients with sleep apnea that were evaluated for bariatric surgery and had a full overnight polysomnography (PSG) screening for OSA were described and it was found that a very high prevalence (77.2%) for OSA in all subjects evaluated, regardless of pre-operative risk for OSA. A post-bariatric surgery PSG was not a part of this study. The investigators would like to demonstrate the impact of bariatric surgery on OSA as a function of time.