Active clinical trials for "Overweight"

Diabetes and heart associations continue to discourage high intakes of dietary fructose, a constituent part of the sucrose molecule that is found in fruits and vegetables as a natural sugar and in some processed foods and beverages as an added sweetener. The concern relates to its ability to increase certain blood fats and cholesterol, which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The evidence for an adverse effect of fructose on these risk factors, however, is inconclusive. To improve the evidence on which nutrition recommendations for fructose are based, the investigators therefore propose to study the effect of fructose on blood fats, cholesterol, sugars, blood pressure, and body weight, by undertaking a systematic synthesis of the data taken from all available clinical studies in humans. This technique has the strength of allowing all of the available data to be pooled together and differences to be explored in groups of different study participants (healthy humans of different sex, weight, and age and in those with diseases which predispose to disturbances in metabolism, such as diabetes) with dietary fructose in different forms, doses, and with differing durations of exposure. The findings generated by this proposed knowledge synthesis will help improve the health of consumers through informing recommendations for the general public, as well as those at risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Participants will be randomized into two groups, one group will be the control (no intervention at all) and the other will be CHO-PRO (meal replacement, Generation UCAN supplement, 400ml, 20% solution). Prior to the start of the experiment, all participants will be asked to record their satiety ratings, appetite and desire to eat (10-point visual analogue scale) 30, 60 and 120 minutes after their regular dinner for 3 days. On the first day of the experiment, all participants will be asked to measure their waist and hip circumferences, fasting blood glucose level, maximal number of pushups and body weight using a scale at home prior to breakfast. Instructions on how to do the measurements properly will be recorded in a video and distributed to the participants. Participants in the control group will not receive any intervention. Participants in the CHO-PRO group will be provided with the supplement and they will be asked to consume the CHO - protein supplement (Generation UCAN supplement, 250ml, 10% solution) 6 to 7 hours after lunch, in place of their dinner for 6 weeks. They will also be asked to record their satiety ratings, appetite and desire to eat (10-point visual analogue scale) 30, 60 and 120 minutes after each meal replacement drink. All participants will be required to complete a dietary record, prior to, and during (at weeks 2 and 4) intervention. To track adherence of the CHO-PRO group, participants will be asked to check off the calendar that they did not consume the meal replacement due to various reasons. On day 43, all participants will be asked measure again waist and hip circumferences, fasting blood glucose level, maximal number of pushups and body weight using a scale at home prior to breakfast again.

On 11 February 2020, the International Committee for the Classification of Viruses named the disease caused by SAＲS-CoV-2 infection in humans as the new coronavirus pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19). Due to the changes of immune function and cardiopulmonary function in overweight people, the infection and severity of these patients are higher than that of the general population during the epidemic period. More attention should be paid to personal protection and disease prevention. Vaccination with COVID-19 vaccine can effectively prevent COVID-19 infection, delay or prevent patients from developing into critical illness and reducing mortality. In order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine for overweight people, and to guide COVID-19 vaccination more scientifically, rationally and effectively, this study was carried out.

This study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between body image, self-stigma, intuitive eating and exercise attitude levels, which are thought to be effective on the mental well-being of overweight and obese individuals. For this purpose, the Body Image Scale, Intuitive Eating Scale-2, Exercise Stages of Change Scale-Short Form and Decisional Balance Scale in Exercise will be used to assess overweight and obese individuals. 100 people will be included in the study.

Sugars have been implicated in the epidemics of overweight and obesity. This view is supported by lower quality evidence from ecological observations, animal models, and select human trials. Higher level evidence from controlled trials and prospective cohort studies has been inconclusive. Whether sugars contribute to weight gain or increases in adiposity independent of their calories and whether important food sources of sugars other than SSBs are associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity or weight gain remain unclear. To address the uncertainties, the investigators propose to conduct a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the totality of the evidence from controlled trials and prospective cohort studies to distinguish the contribution of fructose-containing sugars and important food sources of sugars (SSBs, fruit, 100% fruit juice, cakes/sweets, yogurt, cereals, etc) from that of energy in the development of overweight and obesity. The findings generated by this proposed knowledge synthesis will help improve the health of consumers through informing evidence-based guidelines and improving health outcomes by educating healthcare providers and patients, stimulating industry innovation, and guiding future research design

Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been linked to rising rates of overweight and obesity. The most prominent mechanism to explain the link between SSBs and obesity is that liquid calories are not perceived by the body; thereby, promoting less satiety, less energy compensation and more weight gain than does the same energy consumed in solid form. This view is supported by pooled analyses of acute preload trials that have primarily measured food intake as the outcome. Though failure of short-term compensation has been observed with liquid calories, results from these acute preload trials should not be extrapolated to infer that liquid energy sources lead to weight gain over the long-term. To date, it is unclear whether liquid calories have differential effects than solid calories on body weight gain over the longer term. To increase clarity in this issue, the investigators propose to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis from long-term controlled feeding trials to distinguish the contribution of liquid calories from solid calories on body weight over the long-term. The findings generated by this analysis will improve the health of consumers through informing evidence-based guidelines and improving health outcomes by educating healthcare providers and patients, stimulating industry innovation, and guiding future research design.

Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Weight loss is an important therapeutic goal for overweight and obese patients to reduce their risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Liquid meal replacements (LMRs) are simple tools that may aid in weight loss and may improve weight-related risk cardiometabolic risk factors. There is a need to synthesize the evidence on LMRs and cardiometabolic risk to inform clinical practice guidelines. The authors propose to conduct a series of systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effect of LMRs on 4 areas of cardiometabolic risk: markers of adipsoity, glycemic control, established lipid targets, and blood pressure.

Since uncontrolled observational studies first linked fructose to the epidemic of obesity almost a decade ago, it has become a focus of intense concern regarding its role in the obesity epidemic and increasing burden of cardiometabolic disease. Despite the uncertainties in the evidence, international health organizations have cautioned against moderate to high intakes fructose-containing sugars, especially those from sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs). To improve the evidence on which nutrition recommendations are based, the investigators propose to study of the role of fructose-containing sugars in the development of overweight/obesity, diabetes, hypertension, gout, and cardiovascular disease, by undertaking a series of systematic syntheses of the available prospective cohort studies. Prospective cohort studies have the advantage of relating "real world" intakes of sugars to clinically meaningful disease endpoints over long durations of follow-up. The findings generated by this proposed knowledge synthesis will help improve the health of consumers through informing recommendations for the general public, as well as those at risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Renal transplantation of children started in Norway in 1970.Since the beginning, >80% of renal transplants are provided from Living Donors(mainly parents), short pre-transplant dialysis time( median 4 months) and 50% of transplantations are performed before dialysis is needed.This gives good premises for graft survival and avoidance of detrimental effects of dialysis. However, renal transplanted children are subjected to an increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adulthood due to consequences of chronic renal failure and immunosuppressive treatment.Cardiovascular death comprises 30-40% of death causes. In this cross-sectional study we evaluate cardiovascular risk factors in childhood- and also in young adults renal transplanted in childhood. Focus is cardiorespiratory fitness using treadmill testing,24h BP measurements, anthropometrics including waist circumference,echocardiography,intima media thickness of carotids, glucose intolerance test.Participants are also requested to fill out physical activity recalls and Quality of life questionnaires.

Participants will complete a one-month intervention where they are will restrict their daily food intake to an 8-hour time period, i.e., between 1200 to 2000 hours. During the remaining 16-hour intermittent fasting period (2000 to 1200 hours) participants will be allowed to drink zero calorie beverages (diet soda pop, black coffee, tea, water, etc) in order to maintain normal hydration. There will be no attempt to restrict food intake. Rather simply to restrict the time period each day when food is consumed. Participants' body mass, fat mass, and non-fat mass will be monitored non-invasively using a weigh scale and densitometry via air displacement (Bod Pod) at 0, 2 and 4 weeks following the dietary intervention. Also, participants will be interviewed following the final body composition measure to assess whether or not they continued to follow the intermittent fasting approach.