Active clinical trials for "Perceptual Disorders"

Spatial neglect is a common post-stroke condition in which people may not be aware of anything on one side of the world (usually the same side they lost their movement). Currently, there is no effective treatment for spatial neglect. A therapy called SIGHT (Spatial Inattention Grasping Home-based Therapy) has shown early evidence of improving stroke survivors' spatial neglect (Rossit et al., 2019). SIGHT involves individuals picking-up and balance wooden rods with their less affected hand, independently, without the need for a therapist present at all times. Working with stroke survivors, carers and clinicians we have developed of a computerized version of SIGHT (c-SIGHT; Morse et al., in press). The present trial aims to: 1) investigate the feasibility of a blinded randomized controlled trial of c-SIGHT (active intervention) vs. an attentional control training version of c-SIGHT (sham intervention) in the homes of stroke survivors with spatial neglect; 2) Explore participant's experience using c-SIGHT independently at home; and 3) Explore the potential effects and effect size of c-SIGHT active intervention compared to the attentional control training to inform a future Phase II trial.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether galvanic vestibular stimulation is effective in the treatment of spatial neglect after right brain-damage.

The purpose of the current study is to evaluate relative efficacy of (1)modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) combined with eye patching, (2)mCIMT, and (3) traditional rehabilitation on motor, attentional, and activities of daily living functions in stroke patients with unilateral neglect (UN). UN represents a failure to respond or orient to stimuli presented contralateral to a brain lesion. Constraint-induced movement therapy is made up of a family of treatment that involve repeatedly practicing use of the affected limb and constraining use of the unaffected arm in the clinic and at home. mCIMT is an intervention based on modifications to conventional CIMT by distributing practice sessions to a longer period of time. mCIMT attempts to supplement the inadequacy of the current rehabilitation programs and to fit better into rehabilitation schedules. This technique has been suggested to be especially relevant for treatment of patients with UN.Half-field eye patching involves occlusion of the hemifield of both eyes (in the case of left UN, the right hemifields of both eyes). Patching the ipsilateral hemifield is believed to increase activation of the involved hemisphere, resulting in increased attention to the contralateral neglected side. Despite the promising relevance of mCIMT for rehabilitation of patients with hemiplegia, it remains unclear whether mCIMT is effective for alleviating UN. A further issue that warrants investigation is the combined effects of mCIMT and eye patching. Both approaches involve the use of controlled sensory input that may lead to increased activation of the lesioned hemisphere. Integration of both approaches may be more efficacious than mCIMT without direct intervention for UN. This project is proposed to study the combined effects of both approaches. It is hypothesized that combining both approaches will be more effective than mCIMT, which is hypothesized to be superior to traditional rehabilitation involving the same amount of therapy time. To test the hypotheses, 60 patients with unilateral stroke and UN will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups (i.e., mCIMT and eye patching, mCIMT, and traditional rehabilitation). Testing for UN will include the use of the line bisection test, cancellation tasks, and examination for extinction to double simultaneous stimulations. The outcome measures will include traditional motor function tests, kinematic analysis, a circle discrimination test, and daily life functional measures. Each eligible participant will be tested before and immediately after the assigned intervention and at three months and six months after the treatment. Each type of treatment will be three-week long. Multivariate analysis of covariance will be used to analyze the obtained data in order to test for the relative effects of the three treatments. Each participant will be tested for motivation for participating in treatment sessions using the Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale. It is hypothesized that patients with higher participation will improve more than those with lower participation. The uniqueness of this proposed project pertains to (1)modification of the CIMT protocol in a more feasible way; (2)concurrent use of mCIMT and eye patching for treating UN post stroke; and (3)use of kinematic analysis for detecting precise changes in motor behavior post intervention. Kinematic analysis is relevant for identifying trajectory control deficits that may accompany clinically "recovered" UN. Findings of this investigation will improve assessment and treatment for UN that is devastating to functional recovery from stroke.

This study will measure if five minutes of vibration to the upper back neck muscles, prior to standard of care treatment, will improve symptoms of spatial neglect and/or activities of daily living function for patients who have had a stroke.

The purpose of this research study with a randomized controlled design is to examine the effects of prism adaptation treatment on two visual-spatial recovery components. After a stroke, an "internal GPS", locating where objects or people lie in a particular area of space, may be impaired. Alternately, a stroke may impair precise visual-spatial hand and body aiming movements. The research team wishes to discover whether prism adaptation treatment (two weeks of daily 20-min sessions of goal-directed movement with prism goggles) affects visual-spatial where or aiming errors selectively after stroke. This research represents one of the first attempts to apply what we know about the brain from neuroscience research, to modern clinical rehabilitation practices.

Background: People with epilepsy often have auditory processing disorders that affect their ability to hear clearly and may cause problems with understanding speech and other kinds of verbal communication. Researchers are interested in developing better ways of studying what parts of the brain are affected by hearing disorders and epilepsy, and they need better clinical tests to measure how individuals process sound. These tests will allow researchers to examine and evaluate the effects of epilepsy and related disorders on speech and communication. A procedure called a magnetoencephalography (MEG) can be used to measure the electrical currents involved in brain activity. Researchers are interested in learning whether MEG can be used to detect differences in the processing of simple sounds in patients with epilepsy, both with and without hearing impairments. Objectives: - To measure brain activity in hearing impaired persons with epilepsy and compare the results with those from people with normal hearing and epilepsy as well as people with normal hearing and no epilepsy. This research is performed in collaboration with Johns Hopkins Hospital and epilepsy patients must be candidates for surgery at Johns Hopkins. Eligibility: Individuals between 18 to 55 years of age who (1) have epilepsy and have hearing impairments, (2) have epilepsy but do not have hearing impairments, or (3) are healthy volunteers who have neither epilepsy nor hearing impairments. Participants with epilepsy must have developed seizures after 10 years of age, and must be candidates for grid implantation surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital.. Design: This study will require one visit of approximately 4 to 6 hours. Participants will be screened with a full physical examination and medical history, along with a basic hearing test. Participants will have a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain, followed by a MEG scan to record magnetic field changes produced by brain activity. During MEG recording, participants will be asked to listen to various sounds and make simple responses (pressing a button, moving your hand or speaking) in response to sounds heard through earphones. The MEG procedure should take between 1 and 2 hours. Treatment at NIH is not provided as part of this protocol.

Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) is believed to be a disorder of attention, characterized by impairment in the ability to perceive or respond to stimuli presented to the contralesional space, and which is not attributable to significant sensory or motor deficits. USN has serious consequences for rehabilitation and long term disabilities. Efforts have been made to clarify both the theoretical basis of this phenomenon and the rehabilitation methods that will be best in improving function. The purpose of this study is to try and contribute to both efforts by examining treatment effectiveness of two methods; one targeting general arousal (phasic alerting), and the other targeting increasing awareness to left side stimuli and habit changes. Functional neuroimaging methods (PET [positron emission tomography] and fMRI [functional magnetic resonance imaging]) have been applied to understand the functional anatomy of the brain during mental processes. Only a few attempts have been made to use functional neuroimaging in patients with neurological deficits such as USN, usually speculations are made based on findings with healthy participants to explain this disorder. This study's aim is to examine the functional reorganization of the attentional network in the brain of USN patients while performing visual tasks, by means of functional neuroimaging techniques, in light of specific rehabilitation techniques. Patients will be examined before and after 3 weeks of rehabilitation both using standardized neurobehavioral tests and PET imaging procedures.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether 20 Sessions of 30 minutes with a visual and tactile scanning training in the personal, peripersonal and extrapersonal space combined with trunk rotation will be feasible and provide better results compared to 20 Sessions of 30 minutes of a standard visual scanning programme.

Presentation and standardization on a normative sample of a new neuropsychological tool to provide a quantitative assessment of visual unilateral spatial neglect in the extrapersonal portion of space.

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze how the visual gaze training in the afferent direction and the visual gaze training in the efferent direction using virtual reality affects the improvement of the neglect phenomenon in patients with subacute stroke with unilateral neglect. Based on the behavioral intention test (BIT) test and the Mini-Mental Screening Examination test (MMSE) test for the group of unilateral neglected patients with stroke findings among all eligible patients for this experiment. Appropriate subjects are selected and randomly divided into two groups. One group uses an afferent virtual reality program, and the other uses an efferent virtual reality program to train five times a week for a total of 4 weeks. Before training, a computer experience scale 21 was additionally performed, and to find out the degree of unilateral negligence, evaluation was performed using the Behavioral Inattention Test (BIT) and Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS)22, and the angle of deflection (deviation angle), out-of-focus time, gaze time, failure rate, and head rotation trajectory were evaluated. In addition, reaction time, failure rate, and head rotation trajectory were evaluated using a virtual reality program (Assessment program-V2) to evaluate the degree of unilateral negligence. After that, BIT, CBS, and Assessment program-V2 tests are performed to determine the degree of improvement in visual ignorance due to each program.