Active clinical trials for "Periodontitis"

Periodontitis is a biofilm-mediated chronic inflammatory disease which causes the destruction of the supporting tissues of the tooth. Risk factors for periodontitis include familiarity for periodontal diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, obesity and stress. Some studies demonstrated how these risk factors negatively influence the patients' response to non-surgical periodontal treatment. The success of non-surgical periodontal therapy is defined through the treat-to-target concept (i.e. a maximum of 4 sites with Probing Pocket Depth >5mm and presence of Bleeding on Probing); therefore, periodontal treatment is successful whenever this threshold is reached. Moreover, given the available data regarding the association between more severe forms of periodontitis and a lower frequency of physical activity, a worse sleep quality and more perceived stress, it is reasonable to hypothesize that these factors could influence the patients' response to non-surgical periodontal treatment. With regards to diet, despite many studies appraised the anti-inflammatory effect of the mediterranean diet, no study has ever related adherence to Mediterranean Diet to oral health status. The novelty that the present study would introduce is the evaluation of how environmental factors (i.e. diet, physical exercise, perceived stress) influence patients' response to non-surgical periodontal therapy.

Generalized aggressive Periodontitis (GAgP) and chronic periodontitis (CP) are inflammatory diseases. Little is known about molecular changes and signaling cascade of host response. Inflammatory diseases are undercontrol of genetic and enviromental factors. Transcription factors are gene-specific factors that are often considered to act as a link connecting genetic and enviromental factors. The aim of this study is to investigate the gene regions that are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of GAgP and CP, and to interpret new and reliable pathognomonic-prognostic markers in the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases with the help of expression and mutation analyzes and polymorphism studies.

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the expressions of nuclear receptors PPAR (Peroxisome proliferative activator receptor)-γ, RXR (Retinoid X receptor)-α, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in healthy volunteers and periodontitis patients with different grade involvement. Methods: Group-1; healthy individuals, Group-2; periodontitis patients-stage 3 grade B, (H-GradeB), Group-3; periodontitis patients-stage 3 grade C, (D-GradeC). Clinical parameters as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and clinical attachment levels (CAL) were measured. Fibroblast and inflammatory cells, PPAR-γ, RXR-α, and VDR levels were determined in histological slides.

The quantification of CD163 will be analysed in the subgingival plaque samples of generalized chronic periodontitis patients with and without diabetes mellitus. The demographic and the periodontal parameters were assessed and the correlated with the quantification of the CD163. The CD163 gene expression was analyzed with RT-PCR and the quantification of CD163 will be done using ELISA.

Pregnancy is a physiological state that is part of the reproductive life of women, establishing their fertile age between 15 and 45 years mainly. This stage will not only mark the birth of the baby but also cause various changes both immunological and physiological, to accommodate the growing fetus. Maternal periodontitis has direct and indirect potential to influence the health of the fetus-maternal unit. According to the literature reviewed, the first evidence that oral bacteria influenced pregnancy outcomes was reported by Collins et al. The injection of P. gingivalis into pregnant hamsters caused intrauterine growth retardation and smaller fetuses, together with an increase in the levels of proinflammatory mediators (IL-1b and PGE2) in the amniotic fluid. Two hypotheses have been pointed out regarding the link between oral health and the adverse outcome of pregnancy. The first states that periodontal disease causes abnormal systemic immune changes, leading to complications in pregnancy. While the second hypothesis suggests that oral bacteria directly colonize the placenta, causing localized inflammatory responses, resulting in prematurity and other adverse outcomes.

Heart attack remains a major cause of death in adult population worldwide and especially within Scotland. A large portion of the general population has an increased risk of suffering from a heart attack because of their genetic make-up, disease profile and lifestyle choices. Literature suggests that apart from these known risk factors, long-standing inflammation (reaction of tissues to infection or injury) elsewhere in the body may be responsible for heart attacks. It has been suggested that gum disease may be one such condition. If left untreated, gum disease may expose the entire body to a long-term inflammatory burden where inflammatory molecules can disseminate from the gums into the bloodstream and affect various body structures. This study explores the influence of gum disease on the risk of heart attack by comparing the gum health of participants who recently had a heart attack to the gum health of participants with no history of heart problems after accounting for other risk factors. Findings will provide critical information for the design of our forthcoming study to establish the effect of treatment of gum disease on the risk of heart attack, and its cost-effectiveness. Ultimately this research will tackle another risk factor for heart attacks and thus inform enhancement of public health prevention strategies.

The inflammatory response involves many players from the immune response, including B lymphocytes. These cells are responsible for the synthesis of immunoglobulins in response to the presence of an antigen. They are characteristic of chronic inflammation. There are several subsets of B cells characterized by specific membrane markers. Once activated, these cells express many factors contributing to tissue destruction seen in periodontitis and particularly in osteoclastogenesis (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-3). During the establishment of a periodontal disease, an important inflammatory infiltrate is observed in the gum. This infiltrate is characterized by the presence of many B lymphocytes. B cell subsets in the blood and the gum of patients with periodontitis have been little studied. However, the number of autoreactive B cells (cluster of differentiation (CD)19+, CD5+) has been reported to be higher in the blood of patients with periodontal disease. In the gum, the rate of B and T cells increases with the level of inflammation and is correlated with the severity of the inflammatory process. Activation of B cells is a prerequisite for the progression of gingivitis to periodontitis. B cell distribution could then be an indicator of disease progression, but also allow to study the response to treatment. The aim of this pilot study is to characterize B cell subsets in the blood and the gum of patients with periodontitis, according to disease activity. Analysis of B cells in the blood could highlight the association of a particular subpopulation with aggressive periodontal disease and evidence a particular biological profile of the host response. The investigators also wish to observe the evolution of this phenotype following an unconventional surgical therapy. This study would better understand the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and refine the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of periodontitis, and thus participate in the development of personalized medicine. Biological monitoring of therapeutic effects may be initiated and allow more effectively prevent recurrence.

Neopterin has been identified as a marker of cellular immune system activation. It is synthesized by macrophages upon stimulation with the cytokine interferon-gamma and is indicative of a pro-inflammatory immune status. Neopterin concentration increases with increasing severity of periodontal disease in diverse body fluids like Urine, Saliva and Plasma. Hence Neopterin can be considered as an important inflammatory marker in periodontal disease as well as other systemic diseases.

50 periodontitis 50 healthy individuals serological evaluation will done to see association of 77A/G AND 11A/12A gene polymorphisms of MMP-13

The effect of Antibacterial Nanoparticles, Incorporated in cement, on S.mutans in the margins of provisional restorations is going to be examined clinically by using two kinds of provisional cement 1. cement with out antibacterial nanoparticles. 2.cement with small addition of IABN. after one week in the mouth the crowns are to be removed and examined for the presence and quantity of s. mutans. in vitro tests of the same has shown significant reduction in bacterial population around the provisional cement as compared to the regular cement.