Active clinical trials for "Prediabetic State"

As an important way to translate cardiovascular disease prevention efforts, worksite interventions can facilitate healthy food choices, health education, and social support. This proposed project is adapted and scaled-up from the Nepal study, and will measure the effectiveness of a canteen and a behavioral intervention on cardio-metabolic risk at a worksite in South Africa. This study will estimate the added benefit of a proven individual-level dietary intervention over environmental-level changes for preventing cardio-metabolic risk within the South African context. If the study demonstrates a significant effect, a scaled-up approach could produce an important reduction in cardiovascular disease burden through environmental and individual level prevention programs in South Africa.

The main purpose of the clinical trial is to determine the health impact of a dietary intervention known as time-restricted eating (TRE) in patients with metabolic syndrome (defined as the presence of elevated fasting plasma glucose and two or more of the following criteria: increased waist circumference, elevated fasting plasma triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, elevated blood pressure) and self-reported dietary intake of ≥14 hours per day. Participants will reduce the amount of time they eat to 10 hours per day over a 12-week monitored intervention followed by a 12-week self-directed intervention and will log their dietary intake using a smartphone application (myCircadianClock (mCC) app). Glucose homeostasis (blood glucose levels will be monitored continuously for 2 weeks at the baseline, at the end of the monitored intervention, and at the end of the self-directed intervention using a continuous glucose monitor), and other metabolic, neuroendocrine, inflammatory and oxidative stress/antioxidant defense biomarkers, body weight and composition, blood pressure, heart rate, sleep and activity (using mCC app), personal sense of wellness and dietary timing (using health questionnaires) will be evaluated at the baseline, at the end of the monitored intervention, and at the end of the self-directed intervention.

Assessment of glucose metabolism and liver fat after 12 week dietary intervention in pre diabetes subjects. Subjects will be randomized to either high fat (olive oil supplemented),high carb/high fiber (beans supplemented) and high carb/low fiber diets. Glucose metabolism will be assessed by labeled oral glucose tolerance test and liver fat by magnetic resonance spectroscopy pre randomization and at 8 and 12 week after starting dietary intervention.

Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass, strength and function with aging and is associated with increased disability, falls and fractures. Older adults with diabetes and prediabetes are insulin resistant and have a higher risk of developing sarcopenia. This study examines the use of metformin, an antidiabetic drug, for preventing the development of sarcopenia in older adults with prediabetes.

The incidence rate of type 2 diabetes in Thai populations is high and increasing every year. Cardiovascular disease is the main complication of this disease, which has been defined as an important cause of death among Diabetic patients. This disease is now becoming a major health problem and causes a great economic loss to the country. Evidence shows that Curcumin, Thai herbal medicine, has the effectiveness of prevention and delay of type 2 diabetes. However, there is no scientific study that aims to prove the efficacy of this herb particularly for prevention and delay the disease in Patients with impaired glucose tolerance (pre-diabetes) and insulin resistance.

In a 12 week double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial, 120 subjects with obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) and pre-diabetes (HbA1c, 5.7-6.4%) will be randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either placebo or 2 mg of controlled-release melatonin, taken orally every evening 1 hour before bed. The investigators will assess melatonin's effect on insulin sensitivity by performing a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp and β-islet cell function measured using a hyperglycemic clamp, as a primary endpoint. The investigator will also evaluating melatonin supplementation's effect on mean 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, nocturnal blood pressure, and potential intermediates including endothelial function using brachial ultrasound, catecholamine production using 24-hour epinephrine and norepinephrine excretion, and renin-angiotensin system activation using measurements of plasma renin activity, angiotensin II, and urine aldosterone excretion. The final endpoint will be to evaluate melatonin supplementation's effect on cellular cytokine and CC family chemokine expression as well as high sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6, and TNF-α. There will be a 24 week cohort phase as an extension of the trial. This will be an open-label prospective study of 50 subjects recruited from the trial who will take 2 mg of controlled-release melatonin nightly for 24 weeks after completion of the 12-week trial. At the end of the cohort-phase (36 weeks after entry in the trial), the investigators will again assess the extended use of melatonin supplementation on 24-hour BP, and glycemic control (HbA1, fasting glucose).

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the freshwater clam extract and its combination is effective on the improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism, also evaluate its ability to postpone prediabetes patients to become diabetes.

Dried fruits show promising potential for the management of blood glucose. Previous trials have reported beneficial effects of raisins on post-prandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy individuals when compared with white bread. However, to date there is limited data evaluating the potential beneficial effects of other dried fruits (i.e. sultanas, dates and apricots). It is also unclear whether dried fruits can be used to lower the postprandial glycemic responses to high-GI carbohydrate foods by either displacing available carbohydrate (displacement effect) or providing 'catalytic' doses of fructose ('catalytic' fructose effect). To address these questions, the investigators propose to assess the GI of 4 common types of dried fruit (raisins, sultanas, dates, apricots) (GI effect) and their ability to decrease the postprandial glycemic response to white bread by either partially displacing available carbohydrate (displacement effect) or by providing a 'catalytic' dose of fructose ('catalytic' fructose effect).

This trial investigates if high intensity interval training is more effective than moderate intensity continuous training in suppressing platelet reactivity and hepatic fat content in prediabetic individuals.

This study will assess the inter-center reproducibility and accuracy of hepatic fat fraction measurements using up to two MRI-based methods. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for the repeated measurements is expected to be greater than 0.6.