Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Aspiration"

This prospective cohort study aims to compare the proportion of cardiac or cerebrovascular events after a first stroke, a first transient ischemic attack (TIA) or recurrent TIA, between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and non-SDB (control) patients, one year after SDB diagnosis, performed 3 months after stroke onset. The primary outcome is a composite endpoint composed of cardiac or cerebrovascular events regrouping: death from any cardiac or cerebrovascular cause, non-fatal stroke, and non-fatal acute coronary disease. 1620 patients, in the acute phase of a first stroke, TIA or recurrent TIA will be included in the cohort. Clinical, neuroimaging, sensorimotor, cognitive and biological parameters will be collected at inclusion. Three months after stroke or TIA onset, polysomnography will be performed for SDB diagnosis. Patients will be considered as having SDB for an Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) > 15 events/hour, or to the control group otherwise. The same clinical, imaging, cognitive and biological assessments than during the first visit will be performed; incident (new) cardiovascular events will be collected. Three months later, and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years after SDB diagnosis, the same clinical, cognitive, sensorimotor, and sleep-related evaluations will be performed. In addition to the aforementioned parameters, incident cardiovascular outcomes will be collected, at the same time points. The primary study outcome will be retrieved one year after stroke onset.

The goal of a pilot study is to test a study plan to see if it is appropriate for a larger study. This study plan is looking at whether the use of inhaled sedatives (medications that help people be calm and sleep) can reduce delirium (extreme confusion) in children who need a ventilator (breathing machine) compared to IV or oral sedatives. The main question[s] it aims to answer are: Will people join the study? (recruitment) Will participants finish the study? Will healthcare teams accept the study procedures? Participants will be randomized to receive study treatment (inhaled sedation) or standard of care (IV sedation). They will be monitored daily for up to 28 days. They will complete memory, thinking and behaviour tasks after 1 year.

Sleep disordered breathing is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and incident diabetes. Nocturnal hypoxemia is a potential stimulus of glucose intolerance. It is especially severe and highly prevalent in high altitude residents. Intervening on nocturnal hypoxemia may therefore improve glucose control and decrease the public health burden in high altitude populations. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of hypoxemia on glucose homeostasis in high altitude residents. The investigators will address this objective by examining the effect of supplemental oxygen on glucose in a randomized cross-over study.

The purpose of this research is to determine how frequently sleep disorders such as sleep disordered breathing and insomnia occur in patients with coronary artery disease enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation. By reviewing results of a variety of tests, we also hope to learn more about the cardiovascular effects on people who may have these conditions.

The objective of this study is to determine the multifactorial relationship between the effective fraction of inspired oxygen (Effective-FiO2) and the FiO2 in the gas delivered by the nasal cannula (NC-FiO2), NC flow rate, spontaneous minute ventilation and other patient characteristics in premature infants who receive supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula (NC).

Some stimuli, such as sinusoidal networks in motion, or the best known, Necker's cube, are simple visual stimulations generating interpretations of unstable and oscillatory shapes or movements, mutually exclusive. Currently, the explanatory models of these perception phenomena are based on adaptation and learning mechanisms as well as the importance of noise in the perceptual and decision-making system. Often noise is a harmful component, but it can also be a facilitator in perceptual systems: the investigator's eye is always in motion, it is the micro-movements during eye fixation (phase of eye stability). In particular, the role of micro-eye movements has been identified in perceptual systems, and it will be necessary here to relate these micro-movements to the perceptive tilts facing multisable stimuli. However, how to access the perceptive states is a real question, since it has been shown that the participant's transfer of his perceptual state by means of a motor response can alter the very state of the percept. This is why the EEG activity will be analyzed to learn to discriminate the different percepts over time, without disruption of the participant's perceptual exploration endogenous activity.

The purpose of this research study is to look at the effectiveness of current anesthesia guidelines regarding food and drink prior to surgery in patients who are likely to have food and drink remain in their stomach longer than might ordinarily be expected.

Spontaneous Breathing (SB) can be potentially harmful in patient with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) during the transition phase of passive ventilation to partial ventilatory support. The application of high Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) during SB has shown to ameliorate the progression of lung injury by decreasing the TP and esophageal pressure (EP) swings and the stress / strain applied to the lung. The mechanisms proposed to be responsible for these effects are the activation of Hering Breuer reflex, the recruitment of previously collapsed tissue, the homogenization of lung and the improvement of respiratory system compliance and the impairment in the length - tension relationship of the diaphragm. If all the previously explained mechanisms have an effect on the control of inspiratory effort, a decrease in the intensity of effort is expected during an end-inspiratory occlusion in patients who will respond to high PEEP application. Based on this rationale, the investigators developed an index called "Inspiratory Ratio" (IR) to predict the response of patient's inspiratory effort to the application of high PEEP without need of esophageal manometry.

The aim of the study is to determine the importance and impact of resistive breathing techniques versus inspiratory hold techniques in patients with chronic bronchitis and specially to find out if there are any changes seen in results measured via the incentive spirometer.

Laparoscopic surgery (LS) enables the patient to experience the desired result with smaller incisions in the postoperative period, more aesthetically, stress-free and less painful. This increases patient satisfaction and reduces morbidity and mortality. In the literature, it has been stated that respiratory exercises reduce the level of anxiety in different patient groups in the postoperative period and increase the quality of sleep and recovery. Among the duties and responsibilities of nurses working in surgical clinics are to provide breathing exercise training to patients in the preoperative period and to ensure that it is applied in the postoperative period. This study was planned to determine the effect of respiratory exercise applied to laparoscopic surgery patients on postoperative pain, anxiety, nausea-vomiting and respiratory parameters.