Active clinical trials for "Seizures"

This study is a real-word clinical trial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of perampanel as an add-on treatment for epileptic seizure. The enrolled subjects were epilepsy patients who had failed clinical treatment with 1-3 anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) with the optimal dose and course of treatment and needed additional treatment. The study was a real-world prospective clinical study, and the initial and maximum doses of perampanel were individualized by neurologists according to the patient's clinical situation.

Perform non-invasive neuro-navigated repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) at low frequencies (LF) with the intent to reduce the occurrence of seizures over time (long-term protocol). Seizure reduction and improvements in the quality of life in patients with epilepsy will be associated with increased cortical inhibition resulting from the LF-rTMS sessions over time. This procedure using rTMS at low frequencies (LF-rTMS) between 0.5 and 1 Hz is a safe and painless method for noninvasive focal cortical brain stimulation, which will be evaluated in its efficacy at reducing/suppressing seizures. Accordingly, we propose a clinical trial in patients with epilepsy to test whether LF-rTMS can improve seizure suppression. The location of the presumed 3D source in the brain will be stimulated for few minutes (10 to 15 min.). With the same rTMS modality, we will also perform motor threshold mapping in conjunction with its fully integrated and compatible electroencephalography (EEG) module. Up to 100 individuals 18 to 80 years with epilepsy will be enrolled. In addition, a short-term protocol has been added to test whether LF-rTMS can reduce or suppress status epilepticus in medically refractory participants.

The Investigator plans to perform a prospective, randomized, single blinded, study that will compare patients treated with IV lacosamide to those treated with Phenytoin in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting. The investigator will also evaluate the rate of clinically evident and sub-clinical seizures, and to compare long-term outcomes between patients treated with lacosamide and those treated with Phenytoin.

The purpose of this prospective, single-arm, unblinded, multicenter clinical study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the NeuroVista Seizure Advisory System (SAS) in patients with medically refractory epilepsy. A total of 15 subjects will be implanted at up to three study sites.

This is an open-label, phase 4 study to examine the safety and efficacy of vigabatrin (Sabril) in Tuberous Sclerosis patients, a subset of the larger refractory complex partial epilepsy population for which the drug is approved. While enrolled on this trial, subjects will continue to take all of their normally prescribed medications, including their other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Alternatively, there is a prospective observational arm that subjects who are about to take Sabril as treatment for seizures associated with Tuberous Sclerosis may join. Subjects who join this arm will not have any study visits and will not be asked to do anything specifically for the study. The study team will collect all study data from subjects' medical records only.

Zonisamide is already marketed for the treatment of partial seizures in epilepsy. This study is intended to provide evidence that zonisamide is safe and effective in the treatment of primary generalised tonic-clonic seizures. The total trial duration will be 5.5-6.5 months. After that subjects who have completed the study will be eligible to enrol in an open-label extension study until zonisamide is marketed for this indication or further development in this indication stops. This extension study will be described in a separate protocol (E2090-E044-316).

This is a Phase IV adjunctive treatment dose-optimization study evaluating the efficacy, safety, and health outcomes of ezogabine/retigabine immediate release (IR) (GW582892) compared with placebo in adult subjects with partial-onset seizures (POS). This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study will compare ezogabine/retigabine IR (investigator-selected daily doses of 600 milligram (mg)/day, 750 mg/day, 900 mg/day, 1050 mg/day or 1200 mg/day) with placebo. Study drug will be taken three times a day (TID) in equally or unequally divided doses. The study design includes up to a 10-week (wk) Screening (≤2 wks)/Baseline (8 wks) Phase, a Titration Phase (2 wks), Dose-Optimization Phase (8 wks), Maintenance Phase (8 wks), and Taper/Follow-Up Phase (3 wks). The total duration of the study for each subject will be approximately 31 wks, and at minimum approximately 27 wks if subjects provide reliable 28-day retrospective seizure data. Approximately 280 subjects will be screened with approximately 208 subjects randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups in a 2:1 ratio (ezogabine/retigabine IR, or placebo). Subjects will be instructed to start investigational product (IP) the day after the baseline visit. During the first week of the Titration Phase, subjects will be taking 300 mg/day (100 mg TID). During the second week, subjects will be taking 450 mg/day (150 mg/day TID). At the beginning of the Dose-Optimization Phase (3rd week of study drug) subjects will take 600 mg/day (200 mg TID) for one week. Thereafter during the Dose-Optimization Phase, subjects will continue to increase their daily dose by 150 mg per week until they have achieved their optimal tolerated dose. During this phase, the investigator may choose to have the subject stay on his/her designated dose for another week before attempting a dose increase until reaching a dose of 1200 mg/day. In addition, in the context of tolerability issues, the subject may be reduced to the preceding dose level for one week before attempting to increase the dose again at the next scheduled time point until the subject reaches optimal dose. Subjects unable to tolerate a minimum of 600 mg/day will be discontinued from the study. The Maintenance Phase will begin at Week 10 (Visit 8) and will last 8 weeks. During the Maintenance Phase, subjects will remain on the daily TID dose achieved at the end of the Dose-Optimization Phase. Seizure type and frequency will be monitored throughout the study via a Seizure Calendar and will be evaluated at each study visit. Subjects will be instructed to complete the daily Seizure Calendar during each phase of the study.

The primary goal of the study is to assess the effect of pre-oxygenation on oxygen and carbon dioxide levels during seizures in patients admitted at the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU). The investigators hypothesize that providing oxygen prior to seizures will help eliminate the drops in changes seen during seizures, such as the drop in oxygen saturation and increase in carbon dioxide levels. Research will be done on patients that are admitted to the EMU specifically to have seizures occur and to be recorded on video electroencephalography (vEEG), and the only research intervention will be the use of oxygen prior to some of the seizures. The importance of this research relates to the phenomenon of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy patients (SUDEP). SUDEP cases are typically patients with epilepsy who are found dead by their families in the morning, without a clear cause for death. The risk of SUDEP is as high as 9.3 per 1000 person-years (Shorvon and Tomson 2011). There may be multiple mechanisms for SUDEP to occur, however a leading hypothesis is a decrease in ventilation during the seizure leading to hypoxia. Blood oxygen saturation levels have been found to decrease significantly in 25-50% of patients during or shortly after a seizure while being monitored in hospitals. In rare situations, a significantly lowered oxygen level may trigger a cascade of events from which the body may not be able to recover, leading to SUDEP. In animal models, providing oxygen prior to seizures occurring has been shown to eliminate oxygen desaturation, but more importantly eliminate mortality in animals prone to death due to seizures. Pre-oxygenation is a standard procedure during rapid-sequence induction anesthesia as it reduces the risk of oxygen desaturation during the apneic period of the procedure. On room air, the estimated duration of safe apnea is 1 minute, but this can increase to 8 minutes following pre-treatment with high FiO2 (Weingart and Levitan 2012). This is primarily due to oxygen replacing nitrogen within alveoli, creating a reservoir of oxygen within the lungs from which transfer to the bloodstream can continue despite the lack of ventilation. The apneic episode during seizures should benefit from the same principle. The main purpose of the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) is to evaluate patients to better characterize seizures, to identify the main seizure focus. In addition to standard EEG with electrodes on the scalp, some patients require invasive localization of the epileptic focus by surgically placing electrodes within the skull (often referred to as GRID patients) on or within the brain, with the goal of being able to resect the area that is causing seizures. To identify where seizure originate electrically, it requires that seizures occur during the vEEG procedure. To provoke seizures, medications are typically lowered, and both partial seizures and those with secondary generalization to full tonic-clonic (GTC) seizures will occur. Prior research has shows that oxygen desaturation below 90% occurs with some complex partial seizures, but hypoxia is more common and more profound with GTCs. Some centers use oxygen saturation and CO2 monitors as their standard of care, and at NYULMC the investigators also have the capability for both for clinical usage. Oxygen is not currently a mandated standard-of-care, but is often provided by nasal prongs following seizures as part of the post-ictal nursing care, though there is no outcome data to support its use. It is unknown whether pre-treatment with oxygen will reduce the rate of oxygen desaturations clinically, as seen in animal models, and this is the goal of this research project.

Patients with focal epileptic seizures with or without generalization who are at present treated with one or two antiepileptic drugs are eligible for this study, provided that they fulfill all inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria. Following a baseline phase of 8 weeks duration, the patients are randomised and they receive an initial daily dose of 50 mg zonisamide during the first week. The daily dose is then increased to 200 mg zonisamide in group A or 400 mg zonisamide in group B, respectively. After eight weeks of treatment, the daily dose in group A can be increased to 300 mg in case of insufficient efficacy. Control assessments are performed at the beginning of the study and at the end of the prospective baseline phase, if applicable and after 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. At the end of the first, second, and third treatment week, and at the end of week six, the patient is additionally contacted by telephone. Efficacy and safety parameters are assessed at baseline, during all control visits, and at the end of the study.

In drug-resistant focal epilepsy, interictal high frequency oscillations (HFO) recorded from intracranial EEG (iEEG) may provide clinical information for delineating epileptogenic brain tissue. The iEEG electrode contacts that contain HFO are hypothesized to delineate the epileptogenic zone; their resection should then lead to postsurgical seizure freedom. We test whether our prospective definition of clinically relevant HFO is in agreement with postsurgical seizure outcome. The algorithm is fully automated and is equally applied to all datasets. The aim is to assess the reliability of the proposed detector and analysis approach.