Persistence of Zika Virus in Semen After Acute Infection
Zika VirusZika Virus Disease2 moreThis is a prospective observational laboratory evaluation of the persistence rate of zika virus (ZIKV) infection in semen by real-time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), and assessment of ZIKV replication-competence in semen by isolation of ZIKV. Evaluation of the persistence of ZIKV and its replication-competence in semen samples will increase the understanding of the risk of sexual transmission of ZIKV infection in the post-viremic phase in non-epidemic settings.
Assessment of Community Transmission of Sabin Type 2 Virus in Bangladesh
Vaccine Virus SheddingThe Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) has set a plan to replace trivalent oral polio vaccine (tOPV) with bivalent OPV (bOPV) plus inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in routine immunization globally, to be instituted in 2015-2016. At the community level, the impact of the change from tOPV + IPV to bOPV + IPV on Sabin virus fecal-oral transmission (duration of circulation, degree of genetic reversion) and the persistence of environmental contamination are unknown. Also unknown is the impact of the change from tOPV to bOPV on community circulation of Sabin 2 after a special immunization (SI) activity with monovalent oral poliovirus type 2 (mOPV2). Finally it is unknown at the level of an individual child if type 2 fecal shedding will be limited by cross-protection from oral vaccination with Sabin type 1 and 3. The investigators propose to measure at a community level transmission of Sabin 2 virus in Bangladesh, a low income country, where fecal-oral transmission and environmental exposures are high, comparing transmission in the setting of vaccination with tOPV+IPV vs. bOPV+IPV. The study will be conducted in 67 villages in Matlab, Bangladesh, using a cluster-randomized study design. Villages in Matlab will be randomly assigned to receive as part of routine immunization (RI) activities: (1) tOPV (6,10,14 weeks) plus IPV at 14 weeks; (2) bOPV (6,10, 14 weeks) plus IPV at 14 weeks; or (3) bOPV (6,10, 14 weeks) plus IPV at 14 and 18 weeks. Community and environmental surveillance for Sabin 2 virus will be conducted in each village over the 9 month period of these RI activities. In addition, a SI activity with mOPV2 will occur 9 months into the study to model an outbreak response. For the 6 months following the mOPV2 challenge, the impact of the different vaccination regimens on Sabin 2 transmission in the community will be determined, as well as individual level protection (as measured by fecal shedding from days 7-70 after mOPV2 challenge).
Zika Virus and Related Arbovirus Infections in Deferred Blood Donors (ZVADD)
Zika VirusDengue Virus1 moreBackground: Zika virus is mostly passed on by the bite of an infected mosquito. It usually causes mild illness. But in pregnant women it can cause serious birth defects to the baby. The virus can also spread by blood transfusion and sexual intercourse. This is why the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) recommended that people should not give blood if possibly exposed to Zika virus. Dengue virus and chikungunya virus are passed by the same mosquitoes as Zika virus. These can cause severe reactions if passed through transfused blood. Donated blood is usually not tested for these three viruses. Researchers want to count the infections in people who have been exposed because of travel or sexual exposure. They want to learn the risk these viruses might pose to the U.S. blood supply. They also want to study the natural history of these viruses by following infected people over time. Objective: To study the risk of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses to the U.S. blood supply. Eligibility: Adults age 18 or older who were turned down for donating blood because of possible exposure to certain viruses. Design: Participants will have blood and urine tests. They will answer questions about their travel. They will be called in about a week with virus test results. Participants with negative results do not have any more study visits. Participants with positive results will be asked to stay in the study for 6 months. They will have weekly clinic visits and tests until results are negative for 2 straight weeks. Once test results are negative, they will have monthly visits. Visits will include physical exams, blood and urine samples, and optional semen samples from men. Most people will have 3-4 weekly visits and 5 monthly visits.
Veterans Living With HIV/AIDS: A Pilot Study Examining Risk Factors Associated With Self-Directed...
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection(HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)Self-Directed ViolenceThe purpose of this project is to gather pilot data related to risk factors associated with suicide in Veterans with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and to develop an educational and interventional tool and instructional guide that can be utilized by local and national providers to increase understanding regarding suicide risk assessment. There are no hypotheses associated with this qualitative pilot study.
Epidemiology Of Respiratory Virus Infections In Children
Respiratory Virus InfectionThis study aims to prospectively estimate the incidence of Respiratory virus (RV) infections in children with symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) or lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (SJCRH) using the FilmArrayTM System, a novel highly sensitive and rapid assay for RV detection. An aliquot from the leftover sample remaining after clinical diagnostic testing will be used for FilmArrayTM analysis. Patients will be accrued on the study over a one year period.
Utilization and Compliance of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Monoclonal Antibody Therapy
Lower Respiratory Tract InfectionRespiratory Syncytial Virus InfectionsThe purpose of this study is to determine the utilization patterns and compliance rates of palivizumab, which is a monoclonal antibody therapy used to prevent respiratory syncytial virus infection.
Cultures a.m.Kamme-Lindbergh in Suspicion of Infected TKA
Total Knee ArthritisViral; Infection1 moreCultures from total knee arthroplasties, obtained a.m. Kamme-Lindberg in revision cases.
An Observational Study of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Hospitalizations in Preterm Infants...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus HospitalizationsPurpose of this study is to evaluate clinical, humanistic and health economic burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in infants born 29 to 35 Weeks Gestational Age (wGA) hospitalized for RSV at up to 12 months of age.
Residual Sample Collection for Respiratory Viral Panel
Respiratory Viral Illnesses: Influenza A/BRSV1 moreCollect de-identified, residual samples to support a clinical trial. Samples may be prospectively or retrospectively collected. Overall Study Objective Obtain clinical performance data to characterize clinical performance of the Respiratory Viral Panel on the GenMark Sample-to-Answer Platform.
Molecular Diagnosis of Respiratory Viral Infections on Sputum From Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Cystic FibrosisAcute Respiratory InfectionThe main objective of this project is to evaluate the agreement between nasopharyngeal and sputum specimens in terms of detection of viral infection in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) participants.This is a 12-month national, multicenter prospective study (7 centers). Inclusions concern CF participants (children or adults) with signs of acute respiratory infection seen in consultation or hospitalized in their CF Research Center. A molecular viral multiplex search is performed on both nasopharyngeal and expectoration collected samples for each included participant. Determination of viral detection agreement between the two CF respiratory samples is then performed.