Active clinical trials for "Overweight"

The purpose of this study is to determine if Facebook can be used as a motivating factor for obese or overweight adolescents in a weight-reduction program.

Vegetarian diets have been associated with a reduced risk of preventable diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. These effects may be mediated through direct or indirect pathways. Although the high intakes of nuts, legumes, dietary fibre, whole grains, and unsaturated plant oils have each individually been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, so too has the displacement of red meats, processed meats, and saturated animal fats. One of the most important considerations in moving from animal-based diets to more plant-based diets is the replacement of animal proteins (e.g. meat, fish, dairy, eggs) with vegetable proteins (e.g. legumes, nuts, and seeds). It is unclear whether this particular replacement alone results in advantages for metabolic and cardiovascular health. To improve evidence-based guidance for dietary guidelines and health claims development, we propose to conduct a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the effect of plant-based protein in exchange for animal protein on blood lipids, glycemic control, blood pressure, body weight, uric acid, markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and kidney function and injury. The systematic review process allows the combining of the results from many small studies in order to arrive at a pooled estimate, similar to a weighted average, of the true effect. The investigators will be able to explore whether the effects of replacing animal-based protein for plant-based protein hold true across different sexes, age groups, and background disease states and whether the effect depends on the protein source, dose, or background diet. The findings of this proposed knowledge synthesis will help improve the health of Canadians through informing recommendations for the general public, as well as those at risk of heart disease and diabetes.

In this study investigators will investigate the beneficial metabolic sequelae of Liraglutide in patients with obesity or overweight; including changes in vital signs, anthropometric characteristics (weight, body mass index and body composition), biochemical parameters, metabolomics and micro-ribonucleotide acid (miRNA) molecules from blood tests. Liraglutide is a commercially available analogue of a gut hormone physiologically produced in our bowel in response to food, licenced for the treatment of overweight or obesity. Liraglutide will be offered to patients attending National Health System (NHS) or private clinics within indication and according to their agreed clinical management. Investigators aim to collect real-life information for this study along with planned clinical management from patients who agree to their treatment and to take part in our study. Patients will be able to withdraw from treatment and study at any time without giving any explanation. If successful, this study will help us combine clinical, biochemical and molecular information which will allow us to gain deeper understanding on the mechanisms behind the beneficial metabolic effects of Liraglutide in overweight and obesity. Data generated from this study will hopefully help us acquire funding for a larger multicentre study; the results of which can have substantial impact on millions of people with overweight or obesity around the world.

Oats are a commonly consumed source of viscous soluble fibre, which has an established role in cardiovascular disease risk management including in cholesterol and glycemic control. Oat beta-glucan is recognized for its cholesterol-lowering effects with approved health claims in Canada, US and Europe. However, the efficacy of oat beta-glucan on glycemic control is not clear. We propose to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the efficacy of whole grain oats and oat beta-glucan on markers of glycemic control in people with, without or at risk for diabetes.

Sugars especially in form or sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have been singled out as one of the prime culprits in the dual epidemics of obesity and diabetes. Artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) provide a potentially important means for displacing excess calories from free sugars in the diet. There is, however, a concern that the use of ASBs may themselves contribute to an increased risk of obesity and diabetes. This concern led the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for American Committee (DGAC) to recommend that sugars in the diet not be replaced with ASBs but rather with "healthy options" such as water. Whether ASBs as a replacement strategy for SSBs have the intended benefits and whether these benefits are similar to those of the preferred replacement strategy water remains unclear. To address this important question and update of the European Association of the Study (EASD) clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy, the investigators propose to conduct a series of systematic reviews and network meta-analyses of the totality of the evidence from randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effects of water and ASBs on incident overweight and obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors. The findings generated by this proposed knowledge synthesis will help improve the health of consumers through informing evidence/base guidelines and improving health outcomes by educating healthcare providers and patients, stimulating industry innovations, and guiding future research design.

Pasta is an important example of a food which can lower the glycemic index (GI) of the diet, a property that has been exploited extensively in studies of low GI dietary patterns. Although low-GI dietary patterns have been shown to improve body weight, glycemic control and blood lipids, it is unclear whether pasta as part of low-GI dietary patterns will improve measures of global adiposity including body weight. The lack of high quality knowledge syntheses to support evidence-based dietary guidance of the cardiometabolic benefits of pasta represents an urgent call for stronger evidence. To improve evidence-based guidance for pasta recommendations, the investigators propose to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies in humans to assess the effect of eating pasta as part of a low GI diet compared to other diets on measures of adiposity (body fatness) in humans. The systematic review process allows the combining of the results from many studies in order to arrive at a pooled estimate, similar to a weighted average, of the true effect. The investigators will be able to explore whether eating pasta as part of a low GI diet has different effects between men and women, in different age groups and in people with high or normal sugar. The findings of this proposed knowledge synthesis will help improve the health of Canadians through informing recommendations for the general public, as well as those at risk of heart disease and diabetes.

Obesity has been found to be a risk factor for female infertility. Studies have indicated that obese men often have poor semen quality and require increased time to make partner pregnant. To date, no studies have investigated the effect of weight reduction on male fertility. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of weight reduction in overweight and obese men on their reproductive function.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether astaxanthin (ASX) supplementation will reduce obesity-induced oxidative stress and improve lipid profile in overweight and obese adults.

The purpose of this study is to determine if there is an association between a variety of adverse childhood experiences and overweight and obesity. The adverse childhood experiences that will be examined include childhood abuse (physical, emotional, sexual), childhood neglect (physical, emotional), and household dysfunction (domestic violence, parental marital discord, and household members with a history of substance abuse, mental illness, and criminal behavior). Because this study will be performed at a military treatment facility, additional military unique experiences to include frequent residential mobility and parental deployment will also be examined. Hypotheses/Research Questions: Overweight and obese young adults are more likely to report having experienced adverse childhood experiences and household dysfunction than their peers of normal weight. In addition, the more severely overweight or obese the patient, the more likely the patient is to report a higher number of previous adverse childhood experiences. Thus, there is a graded relationship between the severity of overweight/obesity and the number of adverse childhood experiences.

The current study seeks to elucidate the context of pathological and non-pathological eating behavior in a heterogeneous sample of overweight and obese children, aged 8-14 years. Children will undergo a two-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol in which they record all eating episodes and their physiological, emotional, interpersonal, and environmental correlates. Specific aims are to identify proximal antecedents and consequences of pathological and non-pathological eating in overweight and obese children, and to determine the prevalence of loss of control eating in the natural environment.